Pathology and renal Flashcards
(58 cards)
Most common congenital renal anomaly, kidney gets caught on inferior mesenteric artery
Horseshoe Kidney
Absent kidney formation - bilateral = oligohydramnios with lung hypoplasia, flat face with low set ears, defects of the extremities (Potter sequence)
Renal Agenesis
Noninherited congenital malformation of the renal parenchyma, cysts
Dysplastic Kidney
Inherited defect, cysts in cortex and medulla, appears in infants, congenital hepatic fibrosis and hepatic cysts
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Inherited defect, cysts in cortex and medulla, appears in young adults with HTN, hematuria, and worsening renal failure, berry aneurysm, hepatic cysts, mitral valve prolapse
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Cysts in collecting ducts, shrunken kidneys
Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease
Inflammatory infiltrate in interstitium, caused by NSAIDS, penicillin, and diuretics
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Caused by chronic NSAID use, DM, sickle cell, severe acute pyelonephritis
Renal Papillary Necrosis
Normal glomeruli with effacement of foot processes responds to steroids, common in kids
Minimal Change Disease (nephrotic syndrome)
Associated with HIV, heroin use, and sickle cell disease, common in Hispanics and African Americans, effacement of foot processes, no response to steroids
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (nephrotic syndrome)
Associated with Hep B, solid tumors, SLE, or drugs, common in Caucasian adults, thick BM due to immune complex deposition (granular appearance on IF, spike and dome on EM)
Membranous Nephropathy
Can be Type 1 (associated with HBV and HCV) or Type 2 (associated with C3 nephritic factor), thick BM due to immune complex deposition (granular IF, tram track appearance on H&E)
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (nephritic AND/OR nephrotic syndrome)
Sclerosis of mesangium, nonenzymatic glycosylation of vascular BM leading to hyalinr arteriolosclerosis, efferent arteriole more affected
Diabetes Mellitus (nephrotic syndrome)
Congo red stain with apple-green birefringence under polarized light
Systemic Amyloidosis (nephrotic syndrome)
Hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, hypercoagulable state, hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic Syndrome
Oliguria and azotemia, salt retention, periorbital edema, hypertension, RBC casts and dysmorphic RBCs in urine
Nephritic Syndrome
Cola-colored urine, oliguria, HTN, mediated by immune complexes (granular IF and subepithelial humps on EM)
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome)
Crescents in Bowman space made of fibrin and macrophages, renal failure within weeks to months, can be linear (Goodpastures), granular (PSGN, SLE), or negative IF (GPA, Churg-Strauss)
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome)
Immune complex in mesangium of glomeruli, hematuria with RBC casts
IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease, nephritic syndrome)
Infection of the bladder, most commonly E.coli, pyuria and positive culture
Cystitis
Infection of the kidney, WBC casts, increased risk with vesicoureteral reflux, E. coli most common
Pyelonephritis
Interstitial fibrosis, due to vesicoureteral reflux or obstruction, cortical scarring with blunted calyces, thyroidization of the kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis
Common causes are DM, HTN, and glomerular disease, presents with uremia, salt and water retention, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, anemia, hypocalcemia, and renal osteodystrophy
Chronic Renal Failure
Vessel, smooth muscle, and fat hamartoma
Angiomyolipoma