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Pathology c Flashcards

DIRTY MEDICINE (60 cards)

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1
Q

Autosomal Dominant Dx (song)

A

“Von, Von, ALS, Rb, MEN
Tubes & Spheres & Huntingdon
Marfan, Ehler’s Dan
NF1 and 2, don’t FAP too much
Autosomal Dominant, yes this song is clutch”
* Von Hippel Lindau
* Von Willebrand Disease
* Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
* Retinoblastoma
* Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)
* Tuberous Sclerosis
* Hereditary Spherocytosis
* Huntingdon’s Disease
* Marfan’s Syndrome
* Ehler’s Danlos Syndrome
* Neurofibromatosis
* Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

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2
Q

List of reportable Diseases (song)

A

“A, B, C and HIV
Syphilis & Gonorr’ee
MMR, Chicken Pox
TB test your patient’s socks
Salmonella, Shigella too
Report this shit is what you should do!”
- Hepatitis A Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- HIV
- Syphilis
- Gonorrhea
- Measles Mumps
- Rubella
- Chicken Pox
- Tuberculosis
- Salmonella
- Shigella

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3
Q

Autosomal recessive disease (song)

A

“Alpha, beta, pee-ew
Iron, Copper, Bern-sou
Hartnup, Glanzman, Fanconi
AR yes it’s true!”
- Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency (ALPHA)
- Beta-Thalassemia (BETA)
- Phenylketonuria (PEE-EW)
- Hemochromatosis (IRON)
- Wilson’s Disease (COOPER)
- Bernard-Soulier (BERN-SOU)
- Hartnup Syndrome (HARTNUP)
- Glanzman Thrombasthenia (GLANZMAN)
- Fanconi FANCONI

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4
Q

Osteochondroma
(benign/malignant, epi, location, findings)

A
  • Benigno
  • Epidemio: Hombres, <25 años
  • Localización: Metáfisis
  • Tumor BENIGNO MÁS COMÚN
  • Proyección de crecimiento lateral
  • Cubierto por una capa de cartílago

“ OSTEO- COMMON- DROMA”

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5
Q

Osteoma
(benign/malignant, epi, location, findings)

A
  • Benigno
  • Epidemio: Edad media
  • Localización: Cara
  • Asociado con GARDNER SYNDROME (FAP)
  • Obstrucción del Ostium = signos de presión de los senos

“OSTEOOOOOOOOMA in the GARDen”

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6
Q

Osteoid Osteoma
(benign/malignant, epi, location, findings)

A
  • Benigno
  • Epidemio: Hombres <25
  • Locación: corteza de huesos largos
  • Dolor de huesos en la noche que CEDE con NSAIDs (vs. Osteoblastoma)
  • RX: masa con nucleo radiolúcido (negro) (como osteoblastoma)

“OO that feels better”

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7
Q

Osteoblastoma
(benign/malignant, epi, location, findings)

A
  • Benigno
  • Epidemio: Hombres <25
  • Localización: Vértebras
  • Dolor de huesos en la noche que NO CEDE con NSAIDs (vs. Osteoid osteoma)
  • RX: masa con nucleo radiolúcido (negro) (como Osteoid osteoma)

“BLASTed with pain”

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8
Q

Chondroma
(benign/malignant, location)

A
  • Benign
  • Location: medulla of small bones ( hands/ feet)
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9
Q

Giant Cell Tumor
(benign/malignant, epi, location, findings)

A
  • Benigno
  • Epidemio: 20-40 años
  • Localización: epifisis de huesos largos y prominencia de la rodilla
  • Células gigantes que surgen de la médula osea
  • Causa de fracturas patológicas
  • RX: Soap Bubble appearance
  • Mononuclear RANK-L expressing cells

“Don’t drop the SOAP or else you’ ll get a GIANT suprise”

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10
Q

Osteosarcoma
(benign/malignant, epi, location, findings)

A
  • Malignant
  • Epidemio: Hombres adolecentes
  • Localización: Metáfisis de huesos largos
  • Factores de riesgo: RETINOBLASTOMA, Paget Disease, radiation
    -RX: SUNBURST Appearance and lifting of the periosteum
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11
Q

Chondrosarcoma
(benign/malignant, location)

A
  • Malignant
  • Localización: Medulla of pelvis “ central skeleton”
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12
Q

Ewing Sarcoma (benign/malignant, epi, location, findings)

A
  • Malignant
  • Epidemio: Niños blancos < 15 años
  • Localización: diafisis de los huesos largos
  • RX: ONION SKIN appearance
  • Neuroectodermal originating small blue cells that resenble lymphocytes
  • t (11,22) tranlocation
  • Overexpression of EWS-FLI1

” EW, an ONION!”

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13
Q

Lysosomal Storage Diseases

A
  • ## Fabry Disease
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14
Q

Fabry Disease (type of disease, enzyme, accumulation, findings)

A
  • Lysosomal storage disease
  • Enzyme: Alpha-Galactosidase-A
  • Accumulation: Ceramide Trihexoside
  • Hypohidrosis
  • Angiokeratomas
  • Renal failure
  • Pheripheral neuropathy

” My FABRite activity is making a CERAMIc GALAxy, sorry to keep HARPing on it.”

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15
Q

Gaucher Disease (type of disease, enzyme, accumulation, findings)

A
  • Lysosomal storage disease
  • Enzyme: Glucocerebrosidase
  • Accumulation: Glucocerebroside
    Osteoporosis
  • Most common
  • Gross femoral head (avascular necrosis)
  • Gaucher cells or lipid-laden tissue paper cytoplasm

” (in a crying voice because of Tears) OMGauch he’s such a BRO”

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16
Q

Tay-sachs Disease (type of disease, enzyme, accumulation, findings)

A
  • Lysosomal storage disease
  • Enzyme: Hexosaminidase A
  • Accumulation: GM2- Ganglioside
  • Cherry- Red macula
    -Onion skin lysosomes
    -NO hepatosplenomegaly (vs. Niemann-pick)

” a GANG OF siX SMALL Jews”

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17
Q

Niemann- Pick Disease (type of disease, enzyme, accumulation, findings)

A
  • Lysosomal storage disease
  • Enzyme: Sphingomyelinase
  • Accumulation: Sphingomyelin
  • Cherry-red macula
  • Foam cells or lipid laden macrophages
  • YES hepasplenomegaly (vs. Tay-sachs)

“PICK your nose with a BIG FOAMy SPHINGer”

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18
Q

Krabbe Disease (type of disease, enzyme, accumulation, findings)

A
  • Lysosomal storage disease
  • Enzyme: Galactocerebrosidase
  • Accumulation: Galactocerebrosidase
  • Globoid cells
    -Oligodendrocyte destruction
  • Optic atrophy

” Mr. KRABBE give me a GALAxy GLOBoo”

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19
Q

Metachromatic Leukodystophy (type of disease, enzyme, accumulation, findings)

A

Lysosomal storage disease
- Enzyme: Arysulfatase A
- Accumulation: Cerebroside sulfate
- Central and peripheral demyelination
-Ataxia
-Dementia

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20
Q

How much proteinuria you found in Nephrotic syndrome?

A

> 3.5 g/day

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21
Q

How much proteinuria you found in Nephritic syndrome?

A

<3.5 g/day

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22
Q

Nephrotic syndrome symptoms

A

Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hypogammaglobulineamia
Hypercoagulability

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23
Q

Nephytic syndrome symptoms

A

HTN
Edema
Hematuria and aconthocytes “thorn like cytoplasmic projections”
Oliguria and azotemia

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24
Q

Nephrotic syndromes

A
  • Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
  • Minimal Change Disease
  • Membranous Nephropathy
  • Diabetic Glomerulonephropaty
  • Amiloidosis
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25
Nephritic Syndromes
- Poststreptococcal GN - Rapidly Progressive GN - IgA Nephropaty - Alport Syndrome - Membranoproliferative GN
26
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (5)
Nephrotic syndromes -Sickle Cell Disease and HIV - Hyalinosis and segmental sclerosis - Effacement of foot podocytes - Non specific IgM, C1, or C3 deposition in mensagial matrix
27
Membranous Nephropathy primary vs. secondary
Nephrotic syndromes Primary: Antibodies to Phospholipase A1 (anti- PLA2R) Secondary: infection (HCV, HBV), Auntoinmune disease (SLE), Medication ( NSAIDs, peniciline , Gold)
27
Minimal Change Disease (7)
Nephrotic syndromes - Children - Recent infection and inmunization - Hodgkin lymphoma - Effacement or efusion of foot podocytes - negative inmunofluorescence - Normal appearing glomeruli " CHINDREN are of MINIMAL age and tend to have small FEET"
28
Membranous Nephropathy (3)
- Anti- PLA2R + infection, medication and autoinmmune - Spike and dome appearance of subepithelial deposits - thickened basement membrane and capillaries " IMA Proud MEMBER of the SPIKE AND DOME club"
29
Diabetic Glomerulonephropaty (3)
- Nephrotic syndrome Mensagial sclerosis - Kimmelstiel Wilson Nodule: sclerotic, eosiniophilic nodules with central acellular region - Nonenzymatic glycosulation of base membrane cause microalbuminuria
30
Amyloidosis
- AA protein = inlAAmation - AL protein= multipAL myeloma - Apple green birefringence under polarized light
31
Poststreptococcal GN (7)
Nephritic syndrome - Chindren 2-4 weeks after group A Beta Hemolytic infection - Type III hypersensitivity - Antistreptococcal atibodies (ASO) - Serum C3 levels low - Enlarges, hypercellular, glomeruli - Lumpy bumpy/ granular /satarry sky appearance - Subepithelial humps PSG= PS3 - Type 3 hypersensitivity - Occurs 3 weeks after infx - ASO (3 letters) - Decrease C3
32
Rapidly Progressive GN individual diseases with immunofluorescence staining
Nephritic syndrome - Crescent formation in bowman space Goodpasture Syndrome - line Granulomatosis with polyangiitis- negative or pauci immune Microscopic Polyangiits - negative or pauci immune Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis - granular
33
IgA Nephropaty
Nephritic syndrome - Normal c3 evels - IgA elevated leves - Type II hypersinsitivity - Symtoms: lung and GI infections+ kyney (asyntomatic microhematuria). - Mensagial IgA deposition or proliferation
34
Alport Syndrome
Nephritic syndrome Type II hypersinsitivity - Type IV collagen defect - Symtoms: sensorineural deafness, glomerulonephritis, lens dislocation/ retinopathy - basket weave " Can't see, can't pee, can't hear thee"
35
Membranoproliferative GN
Nephritic syndrome - HCV AND HBV Co- exist with nephrotic syndrome - Type I- Immunoglobulin mediated (SLE) - Type II- Complemete mediated (IgG antibodies C3 convertase, AKA, Dense deposit diasease) - C3 complemente low (both) - intravenus drug abuse (both) - Tram track appearance= mensagial ingrowth with glomerular double contour
36
Goodpasture Syndrome
- Rapidly Progressive GN - Type II hypersinsitivity - Anti- GBM and anti- alveolar antibodies - Affect type IV collagen - Symtoms: kyney (hematuria) + lung (hemoptysis ) - linear immunofluorescence
37
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Rapidly Progressive GN - pr3-ANCA / c- ANCA - Small and medium sized vasculitis - Affect type IV collagen - Symtoms: kyney (hematuria) + lung (hemoptysis ) + nasal (rhinosinusitis) - weak/absent immunofluorescence
38
Microscopic Polyangiits
Rapidly Progressive GN - p-ANCA / MPO- ANCA - Small vessel necrotizing vasculitis - weak/absent immunofluorescence
39
Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
Rapidly Progressive GN - SLE - WIRE LOOPS - Granular immunofluorescence
40
Epididimitis
Unilateral, painful teticle - Prehn sign (+) - cremaster ( +) - Fever, dysuria, more urinary freq - Urethral discharge - E. coli - Chalmydia /Gonorrhoeae
41
Testicular Torsion
Unilateral, painful teticle - Prehn sign ( - ) - cremaster ( - ) - Nausea/ vomiting - High rinding teste - Pailess scrotal mass in neonates
42
Hydrocele
Painless, enlarged testicle - Translumination (+) - Fluid acumulation in TUNICA VAGINALIS - Comunicating : YES affected by Valsalva - NON- Comunicating : NOT affected by Valsalva
43
Varicocele
Painless, enlarged testicle - Translumination (-) - Panpiniform plexus, obstruction of spermatic vein - LEFT testicle most common - BAG of WORMS
44
Most ommon agent that cause mastitis and treatment:
- S. Aureus - Dicloxacillin + continue to breast feed
45
Most common sing of mammary Duct Ectasia
Green- Brown nipple discharge + periareolar mass
46
Histology of Fat necrosis of the Breast
Giant cells with calcifications assocaited with mechanical trauma or breast surgery
47
Fibrocystic Changes's time and type (3)
- Premenopausal woman - Apocrine Metaplasia - NO risk - Sclerosis adenosis- some risk Atypical hyperplasia - Significant risk
48
Intraductal Papilloma
Bloody Nipple Discharge + Fibrovascular projections lines by ephitelial cells + Underlying myopithelium (physical and chemical tumor supressor) ( no in papillary carcinoma) Intraductal= myoepithelium INCLUDED Papillary = Myoepithelium POPPED
49
Fibroadenoma caracteristics
Estrogen sensitive 15-35 year old women
50
Phyllodes Tumor
- 40- 50 year old women - Bening (mostly) to malignant (rarely) - leaf - like projections int epithelium- line stroma and dilated lumen
51
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ caracteristics
- Not yet invaded the basement membrane calcifications
52
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma subtypes
Breaks through basement membrane - Medullary Breast Carcinoma: Syncytial, sheet- like growth with lymphocytic infiltrate - Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma: Dermal Lymphatic invasion, worst prognosis, Peau D'Orange.
53
Lobular carcinoma in Situ
-Not yet invaded the basement membrane - Lacks E-Cadherin Lobular Carcinoma = Lacks Caherin
54
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
- Breaks through basement membrane - Lacks E-Cadherin - Non- cohesive cells organized in a single file pattern ILC= Individual Line Carcinoma
55
Small Cell Carcinoma (location, histopathology, association)
- Location: Central - Histopathology: Kulchitsky cells Association: - Smoking - Chromogranin A - L-myc oncogene - Paraneoplastic syndromes: ADH (SIADH), ACTH (Cushing Syndrome), Lambert-Eaton. Small Cell Lung - S (Somoking), C (Chomogranin A), L (L- myc) - S (SIADH), C ( Cushing Syndrome), L (Lambert-Eaton)
56
Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor (location, histopathology, association)
- Location: Central of Peripheral - Histopathology: Prominent rosettes Association: - Children - Chromogranin - Carcinoid Syndrome (serotonin 5 HT secretion: flushing, diarrhea, bronchoespasm, diaphoresis, GI upset) - Mass effect
57
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (location, histopathology, association)
Location: Central - Histopathology: Keratin Pearls and Desmosomes Association: - Smoking - PTHrP (Paraneoplastic Syndrome) (hypercalcemia) " sQuamous= hyperQalcemia, Qeratin Pearls, and cell Qonnections"
58
Adenocarcinoma (location, histopathology, association)
Location: Peripheral - Histopathology: Mucin Association: - NON- Smokers - Woman - EGFR, ALK and KRAS gene mutation - Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy - Relative better prognosis
59
Large Cell Carcinoma (location, histopathology, association)
Location: Peripheral - Histopathology: Anaplastic, undifferentiated, pleiomorphic giant cells Association: - Smoking - Poor prognosis

NBME (3 decks)

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