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Fall > Pathology Exam 1 > Flashcards

Pathology Exam 1 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Break in the skin, yellow, red, white

A

Ulcer

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2
Q

WBC, Neutrophils

A

Puss

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3
Q

Macule

A

Flat/ Different color/ Small
Example= Freckle

Melanotic macule= Diagnosis Term
1cm

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4
Q

Patch

A

macule but larger surface area

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5
Q

Papule

A

Small/ Raised/ Elevated area, like pushing up
Example= cryptococcus in HIV
1 cm

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6
Q

Plaque

A

smooth/ raised/ bigger then papule
2 cm

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7
Q

Vesicle

A

Small / Raised/ serous fluid
(Blister like)
Example= recurent Herpes Labialis simplex—usually unilateral on lips
1cm

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8
Q

Bulla

A

Large/ Serous fluid/ 2cm
Example= Pemphigus Vulgaris = Autoimmune disorder
AD= making their own antibodies
PV= makes antibodies towards (Desmosomes)= cell to cell connection

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9
Q

Pustule

A

Raised with creamy yellow liquid (neutrophils) ———–(Abcess)
Example= Pyostomatis vegetans inflammatory bowel disease = multiple pustules throughout the mouth

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10
Q

Sessile

A

Base of lesion/ is not stem like! Extra tissue.
Example= Fibroma (scars) OMA= Tumer

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11
Q

Pedunculated

A

Stem like base like mushroom
Example= Fibro epithelial polyp / Denture fibroma = never taking out denture

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12
Q

Nodule

A

Solid/ can feel it/ palpate/ found in soft tissue
- Endophytic Nodule= IN ward U don’t feel it , can stretch to see it
- Exophytic Nodules= Protruding OUT / Raised and can feel it
Example= Thrombosed Varix= harden Bloot clot in Vain, BLUE= Vain

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13
Q

Petechiae

A

Pinpoint Round spots, result in bleeding into the skin/ Mucosa
Example= Infectious mononucleosis—- capillaries
Platelets stop bleeding!

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14
Q

Erythematous

A

Abnormal Redness of mucosa / Gingiva (look like a TARGET)
Pink ring, brown ring, red ring.
Example=Erythema Multiforme
Body is doing something to itself that it shouldn’t= Immune mediated.

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15
Q

Erythroplakia

A

CLINICAL TERM! Red patch, Velvety, Granular= little red patched
Example= Granular Erythroplakia
-Inflammatory

90% of time diagnoised microscopically

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16
Q

Leukoplakia

A

CLINICAL TERM!
White plaque like lesion on oral mucosa that CAN’T be wiped off!!

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17
Q

Palor

A

Paleness, not enough RBC

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18
Q

Corrugated

A

Winkled Gentetically inherited
Example=White sponge nevus= too much kerotine= top layer of skin

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19
Q

Fissured

A

Cleft showing prominent depth
Example= Melkersson Rosenthal Syndrome = Facial paralyses
Syndrome= multiple things that show at the same time

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20
Q

Papillary

A

Bumpy on the surface/ Found in clusters/ small elevations (Warts in the mouth)
Example= Squamous papillomas – Wartz, denied tumor caused by
infectious HPV - wartz in mouth= LOW RISK!

*Neoplastic because its begining of tumor

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21
Q

Radiolucent

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A

Dark areas, Energy passes through

22
Q

Radiopaque

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A

Light areas, Energy doesn’t pass through

23
Q

Diffuse

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A

not well-defined borders
Example= Fibrous dysplasia (Hazy, cant see clearly) = Ground Glass

24
Q

Well circumscribed

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A

borders are defined
Example= Central Giant Cell Granuloma = Giant cells inside, RBC

25
Unilocular
Single circle, well defined, corticated (white border) Example= Simple radicular Cyst
26
Multilocular
Soap bubbles/ Honey combed Extends beyond one distinct area, has many lobes fused together Example= odontogenic keratocyst
27
Scalloping
Traumatic bone cyst
28
CLINICAL process
u look at something with no biopsy! Based on apperance - Color/ Shape/ Location/ History Example= Fordyce granules, torus, tori, hairy tongue (EOE/IOE)
29
Historical Diagnosis
Medical history/ Dental history/ Personal History Example= Inherited genetic disorder- Amelogenesis imperfecta (abdnormal enamel formation), genetic disorders Calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine) ging overgrowth
30
Radiographic Diagnosis
look at Xray and say what it is, No biopsy Example= Supernumerary teeth, impacted teeth, resorption Pulp gets eaten
31
Laboratory Diagnostic
Lab tests urine/blood/ tissue tests Example= Serum alkaline phosphate levels increased= PAGETS disease with radiographic features. (Cotton wool, Hypercementosis) – extra cementum
32
PAGETS
Serum alkaline phospahate increase coton wool hypercementum
33
Microscopic Diagnosis
Removed tissue looked at under microscope -Odontogensis keratocysts -Fibrous dysplasis "Ground Glass" Apear clinically as Leukoplakia/ Erythoplakia= 90% of time microscopically diagnosed
34
-Epithelial Dysplasia -Squamous cell Carcinoma
- Term for premalignant lesion. (dysplasis= stage before cancer) -After infiltration of cells into submucosa *above basement membrane abdnormal cells before cancer Broken through membrane = cancer
35
Angular cheitis
Caused by fungal infection or iron deficency - use iron to treat dosnt go away: then caused by oral candiasis(fungal infection) Red fisured cracking at commisures of lips
36
Therapeutic
Use medications/ therapies and wait for response angular cheitis
37
Differential
order of the diagnosis, what’s most likely first to least likely
38
Fordyce granules
Lips/ buccal mucosa/ ectopic sebacous glands/ tiny yellow lobules
39
Torus palatinus
Midline of hard palate
40
Mandibular tori
bilateral/ lingual aspects of mandibular/ outgrowth of bone
41
Melanin Pigmentation of Mucosa
Common in dark skin individuals
42
Melanin
pigment that gives color to skin, eyes, hair, mucosa, gingiva
43
Retrocuspid Papilla
SOFT/ bilateral/ sesile nodule on gingival margin of the lingual aspects of the mandibular cuspids less then 25 years old usually
44
Lingual Variocities
Prominate lingual veins/ Ventral and lateral surface of tongue common in 60 and older
45
Linea alba
White line that extends anteroposteriorly on buccal mucosa Caused by Keratin Maybe bilateral- prominate in clenchers/ grinders
46
Leukoedema
Edema= Fluid Opalescence of buccal mucosa/ when stretched the grey/white color fades
47
Histology of leukoedma
Intracellular edema of the spinous cells/ acanthosis
48
Lingual Thyroid Nodule
Normally thyroid decends to location in neck this is when Lingual Thyroid Nodule it dosnt decend and causes issues with speaking and swallowing
49
Median Rhomboid glossitis
Maybe with candida albicans infection// midline dorsal of tongue DEPAPULATED /RED/ Mid dorsal side of tongue can be shiny/ smooth
50
Geographic Tongue
Shiny depalpulated area with red and white borders / no filiform "Erythema Migrans " "Benign Migratory glossitis" scince no filiform sensations go streight to nerves= sensitive. caused by stress
51
Hairy tongue
Increased accumilation of KERATIN on filiform papilla Hydrogen peroxide/ Alch / chem rinses can help stimulate filform papilla
52
Etopic
in a location not usually seen

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