Pathology of lung Flashcards

Question

pneumonia influenza

Answer 1

lung endemaotus, weight is decreased -may be hemorrgic and inhomogenous apperance interstitium -change in pneumo, maciro, fluid exsudate increase pneumo 2

Answer 2

cmv pneumonia rsv pneumo pneumocystis pneumonia

Answer 3

lung fibrosos

Answer 4

-superficial alveolar exsuadative process->exsuadative fibrin - pseudoalveoli -anlergemnt of thickness of alveolar capp membran->diffusing problema--> -hypoxia and vaaoconstriction-->PULMO HYPERTENSION -

Answer 5

secodnary pneumopathic lung parenchyme infleucning right heart function-->chronic pulmonary hear(cor pulmonale)

Answer 6

-within interalveolar walls -sueprfical alveoalr fibrosis

Answer 7

hamman rich syndrome: liebow and carrington

Answer 8

rapid and progressive developming lung fibrosis -honeycomb -parenchyme firbotized, dialed air psaces w mucin w chnaged consistenyc IS NOT CHRONIC ABSTRCUTION PULMO DISEASE

Answer 9

idiopathic -infective and post ifnective, inhaled substances:pneumoconioses and extrisinc allergic elveolitis, non inhaled,

Answer 10

persistent productive cough with expectortion -thre monts for 2-3 years epidemiologt -middle aged men -development of COPD or cor pulmonale -emphysema

Answer 11

-oevr secretion of mucos -smoking 1. impary ciliary movemnt 2.inhibit funciton of alveolar macrophages 3. leads to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus secreting galnds 4. sti vagus and causes bronchoconstriciton 5. atmopshric poluciton 6-occupation 7. infeciton

Answer 12

morpholgy -brocnhial wall thickened -hyepremic -edematus symtpoms -perisitent cough -recurrent resp inf -dyspnoe -blue blaters: cyanosis and edema -RHF-cor pulonale -enlarged heart w promiennt vv

Answer 13

ratio of thickness of submucosal mucus secreting gland and thickness bt epi and cartilaeg basiclaly:Mucosal glands and bronchial wall

Answer 14

-infla affecting small airway -older

Answer 15

-reduced expansion of lung parenchyma w decreased totoal lung capacity general symotoms: dyspnea, non prod coughm cyaosis, pulmo hypertension, cor pulmonae chromnio

Answer 16

1. restrciton due to chest wall disorder, pleura or neuromusclualr apparatus -no primarly lung disease - kuphoscoliosis, poliomyelitis, obesity, pleural disease 2. restriction due to interstitial and infiltrative disease - ILD-interstitial lung ideaae

Answer 17

-noncaetoing epitheloid cell granulomas+ no necrosis -later-hyalonized fibrous tissue gian cells:a steroid bodies+schaumanns bodies -LN and lungs

Answer 18

chrinic, aprtia or complete obst. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA BRONCHIAL ASTHMA BRONCHIECTASIS

Answer 19

-abnoormal and irreversible dialtion of bronchi and brochioles(GREATER THAN 2MM) -cant clear out mucus-->bacteria - persiient cough +expectorian of foul smelling,purulent sputum

Answer 20

-abnormal permamntnet enlargmedn of airpsaces distal to terminal broncioles+destruction of their wallWITHOUT fibroris -ACINUS part etio: - elastin syn and degradation -cigarette smoking or herediatry a1-antitrypsin TERMINAL BRONCIOLES-ACINUS PART ^DEGRADATION OF ELASTIN (SMAOKIN)-->CENTRILOBULAR EMPHYSEMA A1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY->PARAACINAR /PARALOBULAR EPHYSEMA

Answer 21

1. dyspnoe 3. distress 3. barrel shaped 4. cough appaer late after dyspnoe 5. pink puffers 6.weight loss 8. RHF and HYPERCAPENIC RESP FAILURE 9. small heart with hyperinflated lings

Answer 22

incomplete expansion/collapse of air filled alveoli etiology 1.compressive -from iytside -lower lobessss -samller so lesser pressure needed 2. obstructive or absorptive 2. contraction -localized fibrosis

Answer 23

acc of transudate in alveolar spaces Increased permeability of alveolar-capilary membrane * Increase hydrostatic pressure * Decreased oncotic pressure * Blockage of lymphatic drainage

Answer 24

True: in left HF→venous congestion →congestion in capillariesfluid moves into the interstitium of the lungs

Answer 25

ulmonary hypertension:* primary/idiopathic and secondary (more common) Primary pulmonary edema is caused directly by damage to the lung tissue or pulmonary capillaries, like in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Secondary pulmonary edema results from other conditions that indirectly cause fluid accumulation in the lungs, most commonly left-sided heart failure (cardiogenic pulmonary edema).

Answer 26

-most ftala -veins in leg or varicose veins consequence - suden death: massice pulmo embolsim, MI-dyspnoe and shock -acute cor pulmonale: enlarg and failure of RV -Pulmo infarction -pulmo hemorrahe -resolutuiom -Åulmo hypertension, chornic cor pulmonale, arterioscelosis

Answer 27

Pulmonary hypertension occurs when there are multiple (Successive) small thromboemboli undergoing organisation rather than resolution

Answer 28

systolic BP in pulmo arterial circualiton above 30mmhg divided into primiary/idiopathic and secondary

Answer 29

-young fenales or children causes -neurohumoral vasocontricotr mechnism->CHRONI VASCOCONSTRICITON -collagen disease -familial

Answer 30

-over 50 etiopa - passive pulmonary hypertension: mitral stenosis, chornic LV failure -Hyperkinetic/reactive : patent ductus arteriosus, atrial or ventricualr septal defect -vasoocclusic - Diffuse, pneumonia False: Diffuse pneumonias are evenly divided between noninfectious (cryptogenic organizing pneumonia) and infectious (CMV, respiratory viruses, Pneumocystis pneumonia [PCP]). - **UpToDate** - Generally speaking, fibrotization of the alveolar spaces, lead to pulmonary hypertension, in this case it would be considered a secondary “Pneumopathic” hypertension - **UpToDate and Compendium** - Alveolitis and Hamman rich False: **Hamman-Rich disease** ← **Cryptogenic fibrotizing alveolitis**. - Diffuse bilateral fibrosis of lungs with multiple small cysts giving a honeycomb appearance, the pleura is thickened and adhesive in places with intervening nodularity. - Generally speaking, fibrotization of the alveolar spaces, lead to pulmonary hypertension, in this case it would be considered a secondary “Pneumopathic” hypertension - **UpToDate and Compendium**

Answer 31

-Triad:a nemia, hemoptysis, diffuse pulmo infiltartes ANTIBODY AGAIN COLLAGEN IV-BASEMEMNT MEMRBANE OF GLOMERULI AND ALVELOLI(LGGGGGGGGG

Answer 32

Primary -being:bronchus or in alveolar pulm. parenchyma -Maligannt: central/hillar part of bronchu +lungs - secondary - MTS from other systemic:

Answer 33

hilus=centraø part of lung

Answer 34

distal parts moslty

Answer 35

neuroepi/neurendocrine origin carcinoid (NEN) epithelial(papilloma adn adenoma mesenchymal-CHONDORMA -HAMAROMA -lymphoid tumor=BALT

Answer 36

papillom and adneoma

Answer 37

hamartorma1

Answer 38

1.epidermoid(SCC 2.adenocarcinoma 3.large +small cell

Answer 39

SCC, adeno + large cell

Answer 40

Small cell ca

Answer 41

carcinoid +atypical carcinoid

Answer 42

small cell + SCC

Answer 43

ANDEONM + LARGE CELL

Answer 44

Grade 1: keratinized G 2: non keratinized keratin perals form basal cells smoking causes large lesion of tumor mass in lung

Answer 45

-from pneumo 2 -genetical alteration of EGFR - precurso: pre or non invasive lesions, minmallt inavse adenocarcinoma True: Adenocarcinomas are the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 40% of cases True: EGFR (More common) and ALK are the most common markers shown in adenocarcinomas of the lungs. n fact, adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer in never-smokers, accounting for approximately 50-70% of cases, while in smokers, it is still the most common type but to a lesser degree hardly detactable bc located in periphery

Answer 46

1: lepidiv and papillary 2: acinary +micropapillary 3. solid, mucin

Answer 47

smokin oat tumor Is associated with ectopic hormone production Tumor mass in central lung and mediastinum Undifferentiated neuroendocrine they are assocaited with a very poor prognosis. small blue cell True: SCLC is usually located centrally in the major airways, frequently also involving the mediastinal lymph nodes, but it may occur peripherally in the lungs in about 5% of cases. Metastatic spread, most frequently to the liver, bone, brain, ipsilateral and contralateral lung, and adrenal glands, is commonly present at the time of presentation. Malignant pleural and pericardial effusions are also common

Answer 48

-variable postion: peripherla or central part -smoking -uncommni Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma represents a high-grade malignant tumor

Answer 49

low grade: carcinoid, atypicla carcinoid of lungs high gradE: neuroendocine carcinoma->Small cell CA->Small cell NeCa+large cell NeCa

Answer 50

accoridng to mitoctyc act index, prolif KI-67 indec and necrosis -g1: carcinoid g2 atypical carcinoid -g3: NE carcinoma Grading: gastroenteropancreatic NENs \ lung NEN -G1: NET, G1/carcinoid -G2: NET, G2/atypical -G3: NE ca, small or large cell

Answer 51

1. EGFR, ALK, ROS 1 2.PD/PD-L1 3. chemo

Answer 52

mesothelial cells -lung surface -very bad

Pathology of lung Flashcards

(78 cards)