Pathology of the Aorta

Question 1

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

Arterial vascular system becomes thick and stiff, which can lead to restriction of blood flow to the organs

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

Speciifc form of arterioscleosis

Question 3

with development of arteriosclerosis

Answer 3

blood vessels become stiff and inelastic, resulting in higher blood pressure

Question 4

Plaque

Answer 4

Build up of fats, cholesterol and other substances

Question 5

Plaques may do what?

Answer 5

Burst and trigger a blood clot or thrombus to form in the artery

Question 6

Is atherosclerosis preventable

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Early atherosclerosis

Answer 7

gradual, no symptoms

Question 8

Moderate to severe atherosclerosis

Answer 8

Heart (pain or angina)
Brain (stroke like symptoms)
Arms and legs (pain with exercise)
Kidneys (high BP or kidney failure)

Question 9

Atherosclerosis is what kind of disease

Answer 9

Slow and progressive

Question 10

AAA

Answer 10

a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta, usually larger than 3cm or 1.5 times the diameter of the proximal aorta

Question 11

AAA tend to be what kind of aneurysm

Answer 11

true (involves all three layers)

Question 12

Factors that may lead to the development of AAA

Answer 12

Atherosclerosis
Trauma to chest
Tobacco use
hypertension
Genetic conditions

Question 13

Most aneurysms are

Answer 13

Infrarenal

Question 14

with a larger aneurysm

Answer 14

Mural thrombus is common

Question 15

Aortic pseudoaneurysm is related to what

Answer 15

trauma

Question 16

After 5cm what is considered

Answer 16

Surgery

Question 17

what might impair visualization of renal arteries

Answer 17

Bowel gas

Question 18

Clinical symptoms of AAA

Answer 18

Usually asymptomatic
Throbbing or deep pain in the abdomen, back or flank that radiates to other areas
Rupture

Question 19

Grey Turners Sign

Answer 19

Associated with an extensive bleed in the retroperitoneal cavity

Question 20

Less than 4cm

Answer 20

Follow up every 6 months, intervention if the patient becomes symptomatic

Question 21

4-5cm

Answer 21

Surgery or repair may be recommended if patient is in good health

Question 22

5-6cm

Answer 22

benefit from repair

Question 23

True aneurysm forms when

Answer 23

Tensile strength of the wall decreases

Question 24

Most common presentation of atherosclerotic anuesyem

Answer 24

Fusiform aneurysm

Question 25

Saccular aneurysm

Answer 25

the sudden transition between normal and abnormal, spherical and larger

Question 26

Large aneurysm may cause what

Answer 26

compress neighbouring structures Obstruction of CBD hypertension and renal ischemia of renal artery

Question 27

Normal iliac arteries

Answer 27

Less than 1cm

Question 28

Rupture of AAA

Answer 28

Usually fatal (50%)

Question 29

Signs of AAA rupture

Answer 29

Abdo pain shock expanding abdo mass

Question 30

Appearance of AAA

Answer 30

Focal dilation of the aorta of lack of distal tapering