Pathology Semester 1 Flashcards
(182 cards)
1
Q
Kidney in incorrect anatomical position or horse-shoe shaped
A
ectopic kidney or fused kidney
2
Q
smaller kidney, few nephrons
A
kidney hypoplasia
3
Q
hydroureter with primitive kidney
A
kidney dysplasia
4
Q
young animal with idiopathic kidney disease, pink lumen fluid on histo
A
familial nephropathy
5
Q
diffuse/mf fluid filled yellow ‘bubbles’ on kidney
A
polycystic renal disease
6
Q
tubular function abnormalities
A
fanconis/diabetes insipidus
7
Q
dappled, haemorrhagic parenchyma of kidney
A
septicaemic haemorrhage/DIC
8
Q
coagulative necrosis of renal parenchyma, wedge shaped pale region. Histo congested RBC in tissue w/ few inflamm cells
A
renal infarct
9
Q
mf green-black areas of kidney medulla
A
papillary necrosis 2* to NSAIDs
10
Q
mf/diffuse ischaemic lesions mainly in PCT (not DCT) degenerate tubules, creamy-white greyish areas in cortex
A
acute tubular necrosis (a type of cortical ischaemia)
11
Q
necrotising daamge mf to diffuse of PCT and DCT with whole areas of necrosis and lack of cellular detail in glomerulus
A
renal cortical necrosis
12
Q
dark-red-black cortices of kidney
A
renal necrosis due to endogenous toxins (haemoglobin, myoglobin).
13
Q
swollen, greasy, waxy, pale tan kidney
A
amyloidosis
14
Q
renal pelvis expanded
A
hydronephrosis
15
Q
mineralised base membrane of tubules, basophilic deposits, highlighted with von kossa stain
A
hypercalcaemic nephropathy
16
Q
immune mediated, acutely enlarged, chronically smaller kidneys. Small, firm, hard depressions when chronic
A
glomerulonephritis
17
Q
necrogranulomatous hepatitis, interstitial pneumonia. enlarged, pale brown kidneys with petechieal haemorrhages. skin petechiea too.
A
PWMWS (form of glomerulonephritis)
18
Q
swollen, reddened, kidneys with luminal black squiggly lines
A
leptospirosis (form of tubulointerstitial nephritis
19
Q
white spotted kidney (especially in cattle) resultant from pyogenic organisms
A
suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis
20
Q
multifocal granulomatous kidney lesions resultant from FIP. pale yellow cortex.
A
(pyo)granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis
21
Q
raised areas with increased cellular material in pelvis of kidney
A
pyelonephritis
22
Q
thick walled multifocal pale cream small spotted lesions of kidney sometimes granulomatous nephritis involved
A
toxocara (ascarid) larvae
23
Q
large worms filling renal parenchyma, not UK.
A
Dioctophyma renale
24
Q
red, swollen, yellow/white striated cortex of kidney
A
oxalate damage from ethylene glycol
25
undulating cortex of kidney, red 'swirled' pattern.
CHV infection of puppies
26
multifocal small circular depressions of kidney with pale brown colour of parenchyma with basophilic histo accumulations
nephrocalcinosis
27
white/cream circular nodule focal mass in kidney parenchyma
granulomatous nephritis with mycobacteria
28
soft, squidgy, creamy white areas and poor edges. sometimes petechial damage to gut and endorcardium
pulpy kidney disease - Clostridium perfringens type D
29
epithelial benign tumour of kidney
adenoma
30
epithelial malignant tumour of kidney
adenocarcinoma
31
focally extensive, creamy white to mottled red, multinodular mass firmish in kidney with tubular histo cells
adenocarcinoma
32
indented renal profile, multifocal masses extending from capsular surface into medulla, mainly firm. common neoplasia in cats
lymphosarcoma
33
female dog dripping urine, distended ureters, radiograph diagnosis
ectopic ureters
34
constant urine dribble from navel
patent urachus
35
RTA common result to lower urinary tract
cystorrhexis
36
radiopaque RG lesions in lower urinary tract
urolithiasis
37
catarrhal haemorrhagic necrosis of bladder
due to acute cystitis
38
polyploid follicular circular lesions with redenned periphery
chronic cystitis
39
bladder tumours with ulceration and raised multifocal to coalescing grey lesions, squamous metaplasia
enzootic haematuria cattle
40
giant breed dogs, haematuria, multinodular, haemorrhagic mass near bladder tissue.
rhabdomyosarcoma
41
benign, epithelial, bladder mucosa mass
transitional cell papilloma
42
nodular, ulcerated, locally invasive bladder mass
squamous cell carcinoma
43
nodule/plaque haemorrhagic mass of bladder mucosa, highly invasive and metastatic, common in dogs, rare in cats. occurs at trigone.
transitional cell carcinoma
44
kidney white medulla, fibrous medulla and cortex, chronic inflammatory cell invasion
chronic renal failure
45
aspiration of food, dribbling of food down nose
cleft palate
46
nodular lesions in airways due to chronic inflm
polyps
47
hyperaemic mucosa of URT, serous then catarrhal exudate, grey tacky exudate. commonly 2* bacterial infection
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
48
nasopharyngeal mucosa serous exudate, then purulent exudate. lymphadenopathy.
streptococcus equi var equi
49
porcine turbinate reduction, atrophy and distortion of turbinates
atrophic rhinits in pigs due to Pasteurella multocida
50
fibrinonecrotic/granulomatous nasal bone lysing lesions, fluffy, green to cream nodular mucosa.
aspergillus fumigates
51
dorsal flattening of cartilage rings in trachea
tracheal collapse
52
hyperaemia of mucosa mf to coalescing in larynx or trachea, various exudates
laryngitis/tracheitis
53
ulceration of larynx and regional lymph nodes due to invasion after oral damage during worming of calves
calf diptheria, fusobacteriium necrophorum
54
multifocal nodules of parasites at tracheal bifurcation in dogs (Africa/E. Europe)
filaroides osleri
55
bronchiole gland hyperplasia, metaplasia, goblet hyperplasia, increase mucus production. mucupurulent viscous exudate. thickened mucosa
chronic bronchitis/bronchiolitis
56
obstruction of lumen with exudate and necrosis of bronchial wall, permanent dilation to bronchus
bronchietcesis
57
cattle, lumen full of worms, lymphoid enlargement, mucus production increase, collapse of airways, darker red multifocal lung tissue, wont float
dictyocaulus viviparus
58
mucopurulent exudate strings in equine trachea, asthma-like breathing, bronchioles full with inflamm cells, collagen and sm in interstitium
''heaves''/RAO
59
grey-black cells in the lung
congenital melanosis
60
incomplete distension of the lung
atelectasis
61
normal lobules next to sunken, deeply redenned collapsed areas of the lung
atelectassiis
62
cranial lung lobes commonly, pale pink areas of lung lobules, dilated, raised, soft, spongy, crepitus.
emphysema
63
sectioned lung tissue oozes, bubbly fluid. pale pink homogenous material diffusely present throughout alveoli
pulmonary oedema
64
focally extensive dark red, friable lung tissue
pulmonary embolism
65
cattle vena cava thrombosis, right sided heart embolism, pulmonary embolism
pulmonary thrombo-embolism
66
areas of blue grey haemorrage in lungs, when cut into is red-brown. caudo-dorsal distribution
pulmonary haemorrhage
67
epistaxis of racehorses, tracheal multifocal haemorrhages, occasional acute fatalities
exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage
68
cranio-ventral, bilateral firm to hard, depressed lung tissue dark red to grey
bronchopneumonia
69
purulent/mucupurulent exudate in lobules
suppurative bronchopneumonia
70
fibrinous exudate spreading between lobules
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
71
damage to cilia in pigs, allowing colonisation of lower alveoli
mycoplasmia enzootic pneumonia (suppurative bronchopneumonia)
72
focally extensive, red-black mottled dense-firm areas of adhesion between lung lobes. yellow tan tachy material on pleural surface of lungs
bacterial mannheimia haemolytica fibrinous bronchopneumonia.
73
dorsocaudal lung tissue fibrinous tissue
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
74
lower resp tract, fibrin release and fibrinous bronchopneumonia in lungs of cattle
Mannheimia haemolytica - shipping fever - bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis
75
diffuse, dense, rubbery, elastic, rib impressioned lungs mottled red-grey colour
interstitial pneumonia
76
tryptophan toxin interstitial pneumonia
fog fever
77
green-cream nodules in lungs, raised surface, firmer than surrounding tissue, purulent discharge on expressing. random disseminating foci.
embolic pneumonia
78
multifocal, tan dense lung tissue with multifocal haemorrhages and normal pink areas too
granulomatous pneumonia
79
housed animals, multicentric bronchioalveolar nodules, proliferating type 2 pneumocytes
pulmonary adenomatosis (jaaksiekte)
80
radioluscent lung fields in pleural space
pneumothorax
81
pigs, pericarditis and pleuritis, inflm of pleural space, fibrinous adhesions btw pleural surface
glasser's disease -- haemophilus parasuis
82
multinodular aggressive tumour in mediastinum
mesothelioma
83
enlarged LN, cerebroid appearance
lymphoma in LN
84
organomegaly, multiple tan-white to pink nodules
lymphoma common in spleen
85
most common canine haematopoetic tumour -- multicentric LN enlargement, hypercalcaemia. can be splenic, alimentary, cutaneous, thmyic
canine lymphoma
86
alimentary (most commonly) can be multicentric, thymic white-cream mutlifocal nodules. can be mediastinal. most common neoplasia in cats
feline lymphoma (assoc w/ FeLV)
87
multicentric, leukosis virus associated, neoplasia of cattle in LN, right atrium, abomasum, spinal canal, uterus, kidney
enzootic bovine lymphoma
88
symmetrical lymphadenopathy, similar to enzootic in cattle
calf form sporadic bovine lymphoma
89
thymic neoplasia, neck oedema, dyspnoea in cattle
juvenile form sporadic bovine lymphoma
90
multifocal skin nodules in adult cattle, plaques on skin and can become systemic involvement
cutaneous form sporadic bovine lymphoma
91
multicentric, young sows in large whites, liver/alimentary neoplasia. commonest neoplasia in pigs
porcine lymphoma
92
smooth red nodules of muzzle skin/nose, benign mainly dogs
cutaneous plasmocytoma (B cell)
93
GI B cell tumours more aggressive than benign form
extramedullary plasmacytoma
94
malignant B cell tumours, commonly arise in BM. pale tan to pink gelatinous masses replacing bone.
plasma cell myelomas
95
benign skin mass, in young dogs, spontaneously regress, focal raised nodules
cutaneous histiocytoma
96
cutaneous and systemic form of tumour, waxing and waning, immunoregulatory disease
reactive histiocytoma
97
malignant neoplasia, joints, subcutis, LN, spleen, liver or mulitple disseminated form.
histiocytic sarcoma
98
specific blood-lysing form of sarcoma containing macrophages
haemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma
99
splenomegaly, nodular surface, contains mast cells on histo
systemic mastocytosis/visceral mast cell tumours
100
staining for mastocytosis
toluidine blue
101
enlargement of LN with no known reason
lymphadenopathy
102
large, irregular fibrotic LN
lymphadenitis
103
swollen LN filled with pus
suppurative lymphadenitis
104
porcine colonisation of oral cavity/tonsils, spread to mandibular LN and abscess
porcine jowl abscess - streptococcus porcinus
105
caseous necrotic fibrotic lymph node with concentric laminations of fibrotic tissue
caseous lymphadenitis -- corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
106
focal/multifocal white-yellow nodules, caseous necrosis/mineralisation in LN
bTB -- granulomatous nodular lymphadenitis
107
pale, dry, firm, LN with loss of architecture
diffuse granulomatous lymphadenitis
108
diffuse enlargement of mesenteric LN, young pigs
PMWS - PCV2
109
enlarged LN with germinal centres
benign reactive hyperplasia
110
lymph node enlargement, normal architecture effaced by abnormal cell population
metastatic lymph node neoplasia
111
smaller, atrophic LN
hypoplastic LN seen in FIV (rare)
112
malignant, T-cell tumour in young animal thymus
thymic lymphoma
113
generally benign, epithelial tumour of thymus
thymoma
114
splenomegaly, diffuse orange-beige colour.
splenic amyloidosis
115
blue/dark red spleen swollen or flaccid
splenic torsion
116
multifocal white foci within spleen, can see similar lesions in LN and liver
multifocal necrosuppurative splenitis due to francisella tularensis or yersinia pseudotuberculosis
117
splenomegaly, dark coloured, engorged with viscous blood
septicaemic splenitis due to ASF, erysipelas, anthrax.
118
nodular spleen with granulomatous lesions
chronic nodular granulomatous splenitis (M. avium in chicken)
119
diffuse granulomatous splenitis lesions in dogs
diffuse granulomatous splenitis due to histoplasmosis
120
grey to red nodular masses of spleen, benign
benign nodular hyperplasia
121
single, soft, dark red, nodular mass of spleen
haemangioma
122
most common malignant tumour of canine spleen - single to multiple discrete coalescing dark red masses with blood filled spaces and plump endothelial cells
haemangiosarcoma
123
colourless fibrin clots in heart tissue postmortem
chicken fat clots
124
diffuse red staining of cardiac tissue
haemoglobin imbibition
125
crystals in crystalline deposits of endocardium
barbiturate euthanasia
126
development of heart outside of normal position
ectopia cordis
127
consistent connection between aorta and pulmonary artery
patent ductus arteriosus
128
abnormal connection between two atria
patent foramen ovale or true septal defect
129
circumfrential band of fibrous tissue at location near valve of heart
stenosis
130
VSD, dextraposition of aorta, secondary hypertrophy of right ventricle, pulmonary stenosis
tetralogy of fallot
131
blood filled or yellow fluid filled cysts of valves of heart often in ruminants
valvular haematoma
132
accumulation of clear yellow fluid in pericardium
hydropericardium
133
vascular injury, fibrin strands present around the heart, with exudate
mulberry's heart disease
134
small amounts of blood surrounding the heart
haemorrhgaic pericardial effusion.
135
large amount of blood surrounding the heart
haemopericardium
136
air in sac surrounding heart
pneumopericardium
137
grey gelatinous replacement of epicardial lipid
serous atrophy of epicardial adipose tissue
138
fibrin coated pericardium, adherence between layers, sticky/tacky.
fibrinous pericarditis
139
fibrinous deposition in pericadium of pigs, becomes chronically fibrosing leading to cardiac defects
glassers disease (porcine polyserositis)
140
proliferative fibrosing infection of horse pericardium
streptococcol infection of horses
141
thickened pericardium with rough shaggy material and purulent exudate
fibrino-suppurative pericarditis
142
accumulation of white, gritty, urate material at joints of in viscera of reptiles are birds
visceral or articular gout
143
multiple, white, foci of firm plaques mineralised fibroelastic tissue in endocardium and intima of large elastic arteries
endocardial mineralization
144
shortened valves in heart, thickened smooth nodular appearance and shiny
myxomatous degeneration (valvular endocardiosis) (CKCS)
145
pale cream, tacky diffuse substance in endocardium of left ventricle
left ventricular endocardial fibroelastosis (siamese.burmese cats)
146
rough, granular adherent, friable yellow-tan vegetations in endocardium
endocarditis
147
raised white plaques with fibrou material on old ulcerative lesions of endocardium
ulcerative endocarditis
148
stenosis of right valve, chronic hepatic congestion, pulmonary embolism lead to ...
right cardiac endocarditis
149
stenosis of left valve, chronic pulmonary congestion, systemic emboli
left cardiac endocarditis
150
enlarged ventricular chambers due to volume overload of heart
eccentric hypertrophy
151
thickened mycoardial walls in heart due to pressure overload
concentric hypertrophy
152
right ventricular alteration due to primary disorder of pulmonary vasculature
cor pulmonale
153
concentric hypertrophy of LV, dilation of LA
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
154
biventricular dilation white thickened endocardium, increased heart size mainly dogs, thinner walls
dilated cardiomyopathy
155
rigid and restricted stretching of heart with stiff walls, short irregular cordae tendinae, abnormal muscular connective tissue in LV
restrictive cardiomyopathy
156
pale cardiac tissue maybe with calcium depostis
cardiac necrosis
157
petechial pericoronal haemorrhages of horse heart
monensin toxicity necrosis
158
lymphocytic inflammation of young dog cardiac myocardium tissue
canine parvovirus myocarditis
159
multifocal, focal or diffuse purulent necrotising lesions of the heart
septicaemic myocarditis
160
bacterial, purulent exudate in heart
purulent myocarditis
161
many granulomatous small lesions in equine heart
disseminated granulomatous myocarditis due to aspergillosis
162
necrotic and chronic pyogranulomatous myocarditis due to protozoa also affecting eyes, liver, lung
toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites
163
R side of heart worm infestation non-uk
dilofilaria immitis
164
eosinophilic vasculitis of heart and resp system caused by parasites in dogs
angiostrongylus vasorum
165
benign tumour of heart endothelium
haemangioma
166
malignant tumour of heart endothelium
haemangiosarcoma
167
aortic body tumour, well demarcated, compresses great vessels
chemodectoma
168
thin walled dilation of a vessel
aneurysm
169
solid, dense, white plaques in blood vessels, basophilic on histo
arterial medial calcification
170
protein filled, homogenousm eosinophilic material in lumen of artery
fibrinoid necrosis due to damage to vessel wall, seen in mulberrys heart disease and dogs with uraemia
171
common cranial mesenteric thrombus
strongylus vulgaris infection
172
common pulmonary artery thrombosus
in dogs due to dilofilaria
173
white-cream pale lesions in vessel lumens
embolisms
174
thick tortuous arteries with haemorrhage, aneurysm or thrombosis
arteritis
175
mesenteric arteries of rats with artery lesions
polyarteritis-nodosa
176
polyarteritis of base of pulmonary artery
blue tongue virus
177
polayarteritis with widespread petechia, sub cut oedema and hydrothorax in horses
equine viral arteritis
178
polyarteritis of cattle
malignant catarrhal fever
179
polyarteritis of horses retroviral cause
EIA
180
pyogranulomatous vasculitis in cats
FIP (coronavirus)
181
navel ill vein inflammation
omphalophlebitis
182
solitary, multilobulated masses at joints, in dogs only, with whirling histology
haemangiopericytoma
