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heme > pathophysiology of hemostasis > Flashcards

pathophysiology of hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Step 1 of hemostasis occurs through ___ ____

A

vascular spasm

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2
Q

endothelium and platelets release what during an injury?

A

TXA2, serotonin, endothelin 1

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3
Q

pain reflex is a part of Step ___?

A

1

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4
Q

Step 2 of hemostasis is ___ ____ formation

A

platelet plug

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5
Q

T or F: platelet plug formation is a part of secondary hemostasis?

A

FALSE: it’s primary hemostasis

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6
Q

injury to the vascular endothelium induces

A

Von Willebrand factor to be released

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7
Q

VWF release induces

A

platelets to be activated (potato chip to thorny things)

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8
Q

activated platelets induces

A

ptns on platelets to bind w/ fibrinogen and become a mesh

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9
Q

fibrinogen/platelet mesh lasts for how long?

A

12-24 hrs

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10
Q

T or F: platelets have glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, coagulation proteins, and a nucleus

A

FALSE: they have everything but NO nucleus

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11
Q

Glycoproteins on Platelets are:

A

GP2b, GP3a

***these bind to fibrinogen and bridge platelets to one another

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12
Q

platelet life span

A

8-12 days

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13
Q

platelets contain:

A 
serotonin
Ca++
ADP
PDGF
TXA2
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14
Q

What regulates Platelet production and where is it produced?

A

TPO: thrombopoietin

liver, kidney, smooth m., BM

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15
Q

platelet aggregation at injury site induces the release of what granules?

A

ADP and TXA2

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16
Q

platelet plug formation is defective IF:

A
  • low platelets
  • low VWF
  • RX: aspirin -> inhibits TXA2 & Clopidrogel -> inhibits ADP
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17
Q

what is stpe 3 of hemostasis

A

Coagulation: secondary hemostasis

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18
Q

what happens in secondary hemostasis?

A

Clotting pathway is activated by the SPARK: tissue factor III in Extrinsic Pathway:

  • defect in vessel endothelium
  • disruption in vessel wall
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19
Q

Intrinsic Pathway’s VIP

A

hageman factor 12
factors 8,9,11
Ca++

20
Q

what does Calcium do

A

activate clotting factors

21
Q

how is the intrinsic pathway initiated?

A

exposed collagen in vessel (SPARK) –> induces catalyst to activate factor 12: Hageman factor

22
Q

Extrinsic Pathway’s VIP

A

Factor 3, 7

Ca++

23
Q

TF is activated by what?

A

inflammatory cytokines
cell injury
vessel injury (bleeding into tissues)

24
Q

Common pathway starts with ____ and ends with ____

A

Factor 10

Fibrin mesh

25
Q

Key players in Common Pathway

A

Prothrombin -> Thrombin
Fibrinogen -> Fibrin
Factor 13 inducing bridges between Fibrin
Fibrin Glue platelets together

26
Q

Normal clot forms in:

A

3-6 MINUTES

27
Q

what is clot retraction?

A

platelets contract and draw BV edges back together

28
Q

What process regulates clots?

A

fibrinolysis

***removes clots as BV heals

29
Q

When does fibrinolysis occur?

A

2 days w/in clot formation

30
Q

2 ways that Rx prevent clots

A
  • activate plasminogen -> plasmin

- prevent clotting factors -> prevent clot from forming

31
Q

AT present in body and activated by ____

A

thrombin

32
Q

Plasminiogen is activated by

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator tPA
Factor 12: Hageman
Thrombin

33
Q

What are Clot breakers and where are they made?

A

tPA and urokinase

liver, plasma, endothelium

34
Q

tPA and Factor 12 release stimulated by what?

A

vasoactive Rx
venous occlusion (BV tone)
increased body temp
exercise

35
Q

What does Plasmin do?

A

digest fibrin clot to break it up

36
Q

what limit’s clot growth?

A

Antithrombin 3: inactivates thrombin and Factor 10
Ptn C: inactivates Factors 5 and 8
Ptn. S upregulates Ptn. C
Heparin: anti-cooag

37
Q

What does Vit. K do?

A

symthesis of clotting factor 2, 7, 9, 10, Ptn. C, and prothrombin

38
Q

What does the liver synthesize?

A

All clotting factors except 3 and 12???

39
Q

Plasminiogen is activated by

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator tPA
Factor 12: Hageman
Thrombin

40
Q

What are Clot breakers and where are they made?

A

tPA and urokinase

liver, plasma, endothelium

41
Q

tPA and Factor 12 release stimulated by what?

A

vasoactive Rx
venous occlusion (BV tone)
increased body temp
exercise

42
Q

What does Plasmin do?

A

digest fibrin clot to break it up

43
Q

what limit’s clot growth?

A

Antithrombin 3: inactivates thrombin and Factor 10
Ptn C: inactivates Factors 5 and 8
Ptn. S upregulates Ptn. C
Heparin: anti-cooag

44
Q

What does Vit. K do?

A

symthesis of clotting factor 2, 7, 9, 10, Ptn. C, and prothrombin

45
Q

What does the liver synthesize?

A

All clotting factors except 3 and 12???

heme (6 decks)

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