paths 1er parcial

Question 1

What is knowledge?

Answer 1

information that the human being obtains from reality

Question 2

episteme

Answer 2

knowledge

Question 3

logos

Answer 3

reason

Question 4

epistemology

Answer 4

gives reason about the nature and validity of knowledge
the knowledge of knowledge
studies the scientific research and its product, the scientific knowledge

Question 5

empiricism

Answer 5

the source of knowledge is experience

Question 6

rationalism

Answer 6

the foundation of knowledge are reason and human thought

Question 7

rationalist thinker

Answer 7

rene descartes

Question 8

how descartes thinks?

Answer 8

assured that everything that the individual’s rationality provides is the bases of any knowledge

Question 9

empiricist thinker

Answer 9

john locke and george berkeley

Question 10

how locke thinks?

Answer 10

any idea must come from expierence or must be linked to it to be reliable

Question 11

how george berkeley thinks?

Answer 11

he wents to the extremes of empiricism, dennied that anything existed if the individual didn’t experienced it

Question 12

current symbol of empiricism

Answer 12

david hume

Question 13

how david hume thinks?

Answer 13

show that the reason is not enough and that the expierence we have in the world is limited

Question 14

what did david hume proposed?

Answer 14

a new concept based on the expierence, skepticism

Question 15

describe skepticism

Answer 15

although we accept ideas based on the expierence, this expierence is very particular and does not account for all reality but a part of it , no knowledge can be entirely reliable

Question 16

with the empiricist foundations ….

Answer 16

the empirical knowldege survived

Question 17

with the rationalist foundations….

Answer 17

the analytical knowledge survived

Question 18

empirical knowledge

Answer 18

happens with the experience, is perceived with the senses, can occur in everyday life, provoked,repeat the experience

Question 19

analytical knowledge

Answer 19

is the result of the analysis of the causes and effects of a phenomenon

Question 20

the philosopher that explained the methaphor of rationalists or empiricists

Answer 20

Francis bacon “It is not about spiders or ants, but about bees”

Question 21

explain the metaphor of bacon

Answer 21

rationalists like spiders weave their fabric from the substance they produce , beautiful but empty, empiricists like ants collect evrything they come across without distinction, but the work of the bees that collect the best nectar and with their ability produce honey.

Question 22

who postulated the materialism

Answer 22

karl marx

Question 23

materialism

Answer 23

tells us that reality is mental and material and that knowledge is obtained through reason and experience when analyzing the changes in the world

Question 24

inference

Answer 24

where the conclusion we reach derives from logical relation between ideas

Question 25

methods by which our thinking makes inferences

Answer 25

deductive and inductive methods

Question 26

deductive method

Answer 26

we analyze the object/phenomenon to understan each of its parts, to achieve a complete and detailed explanation

Question 27

inductive method

Answer 27

starts with the observations of particular facts that we relate to a general conclusion

Question 28

first attempt to explain reality from what was closest to people

Answer 28

myths

Question 29

physis philosophers / philosophers of nature

Answer 29

greek philosophers who studied nature and its foundations,they began to investigate only to obtain a greater understanding

Question 30

explain the 4 conclusions of the philosophers of physis

Answer 30

1. -nature, could not have another order because it would end in chaos, the order its perfect and necessary 2. - the beings of nature occupy an specific place and function. 3. - nature is not inert it is dynamic 4. - when all the components of nature work according to the order, each part functions as it should

Question 31

what did the philosophers conclude

Answer 31

it was only possible to describe the order already given by nature

Question 32

thales of miletus:

Answer 32

the arche is the principle of all things (water)

Question 33

what caused the increased in experiments in science

Answer 33

the model of nicolas copernicus, where the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun

Question 34

empedocles of agrigento:

Answer 34

inductive and deductive thoughts. 4 elements in constant movement

Question 35

democritus:

Answer 35

the existance of an essential element/ existence of an atom

Question 36

aristotle:

Answer 36

discovered mammals. formulated the geocentric theory . he added to the elements the moon

Question 37

aristarchus

Answer 37

he proposed the heliocentric trheory

Question 38

claudius ptolemy

Answer 38

all celestial bodies have circular orbits. calculate the dimensions of the sun and the moon . 1028 stars

Question 39

nicolaus copernicus

Answer 39

retake the proposal of the heliocentric theory and perfection it

Question 40

galileo galilei

Answer 40

first in using the reflecting telescope. discovered the laws of accelerated motion

Question 41

robert boyle

Answer 41

first experiments of transformation of ,matter. ptoposes the particles

Question 42

isaac newton

Answer 42

theory of force or universal gravitation.

Question 43

john dalton

Answer 43

proposed that all things are made up of atoms that create molecules

Question 44

charles darwin

Answer 44

the origin of species, theory of biological revolution

Question 45

louis pasteur

Answer 45

refutes the theory of spontaneous generation

Question 46

gregory mendel

Answer 46

study the laws of genetic inheritance

Question 47

marie curie

Answer 47

discovered the radioactive elements

Question 48

albert einstein

Answer 48

publishes theory of special relativity. quantumly photo electric effect

Question 49

niels bohr

Answer 49

presents his model of the atom

Question 50

this type of knowledge is based on documentary experimental and research

Answer 50

scientific knowledge

Question 51

characteristics of scientific knowledge

Answer 51

its rational because its based on logical principles its systematic because its related to other disciplines its methodical because its necessarily requires a method.

Question 52

this kind of knowledge is based on the reserach of reality of various human phenomena

Answer 52

philosophical knowledge

Question 53

is the knowledge that we empirically acquire throught our lives

Answer 53

daily knowledge

Question 54

knowledge that makes beliefs about the creation of the work or how reality works

Answer 54

mythical knowledge

Question 55

this knowledge as the sets of beliefs that a human cultural group shares about an absolute divinity

Answer 55

religious knowledge

Question 56

characteristics of philosophical knowledge

Answer 56

requires rational reflexive, critical and creative attitude

Question 57

characteristics of daily knowledge

Answer 57

based on trial and error

Question 58

characteristics of mythical knowledge

Answer 58

it can't be verified, does not investigate or doubt about given explanations

Question 59

characteristic of religious knowledge

Answer 59

are based on faith, is not given by a logical conviction

Question 60

formal sciences

Answer 60

are concerned with creating a logical and mathematical entities

Question 61

factual sciences

Answer 61

takes as an object of study directly the objects and facts of reality

Question 62

characteristics of factual sciences

Answer 62

``` scientific knowledge is factual is verifiable is systematic is predictive is analytical is specialized is methodical is explanatory is useful ```

Question 63

study time line of ages

Answer 63

in prezi

Question 64

examples of formal sciences

Answer 64

logic | math

Question 65

examples of factual sciences

Answer 65

natural: physics, biology, chemistry social: ´psychology, sociology,economy, political,