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Random RTBC Notes > Patient Care > Flashcards

Patient Care Flashcards

1
Q

temperature

A

oral: 98.6
tympanic +1
axillary -1
rectal +1

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2
Q

pulse rate

A

60-100 bpm

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3
Q

blood pressure

A

systolic: 100-120
diastolic: 60-80

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4
Q

respiratory rate

A

12-20 breaths per min

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5
Q

pulse oximetry

A

90% to 100%

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6
Q

P wave

A

electrical activity through atria

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7
Q

QRS complex

A

movement of electrical impulse through ventricles (systole)

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8
Q

ST segment

A

ventricle contracting, no electrical activity

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9
Q

T wave

A

ventricles are resetting electrically (diastole)

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10
Q

Kidney function tests

A

BUN; creatnine; GFR

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11
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen
normal: 7-21 (higher is lower functioning)
above 50 might mean renal failure

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12
Q

creatnine

A

normal: 0.7-1.5

above 1.5 is indication kidneys are not fit to filter out iodinated contrast

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13
Q

GFR

A

glomerular filtration rate
normal: 90-120
GMR below 90 is indication of low function

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14
Q

water-soluble iodine

A
  • only contrast agent that is safe for IV injection
  • will be ionic or non-ionic
  • will be high or low osmolar
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15
Q

ionic contrast

A
  • contrast agent molecule will break apart in fluid

- individual particles will become charged

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16
Q

non-ionic contrast

A
  • contrast agent molecule will not break apart in fluid

- more desirable because less damaging to body

17
Q

osmolarity

A

concentration of particles in a fluid

-we want an osmolarity that is as close to that of blood (around 300 mOsm/L)

18
Q

Premed for contrast

A

commonly uses corticosteroid (prednisone) or anti-histamine (Benadryl)

19
Q

Extravasation

A

leakage of contrast outside of the vessel (most common contrast complication) which causes swelling, tightness, or burning at the site of injection

20
Q

Steps to take after extravasation

A
  • inform radiologist
  • elevate extremity
  • apply hot and cold compresses
21
Q

Mild reactions to contrast

A
  • scattered hives
  • pruritus (itching)
  • rhinorrhea (runny noes)
  • coughing
22
Q

Steps to take after mild reaction to contrast

A
  • monitor patient for 20-30 minutes
  • check vital signs
  • antihistamine (will be given by doctor)
23
Q

Moderate reactions to contrast

A
  • diffuse hives
  • persistent vomiting
  • laryngeal edema (swelling of throat)
  • tachycardia
24
Q

Steps to take after moderate reaction to contrast

A
  • monitor patient for 20-30 mintues
  • check vital signs
  • ensure secure IV access
  • antihistamine (will be given by doctor)
25
Q

Severe reactions to contrast

A
  • altered mental status
  • pulmonary edema
  • laryngeal edema
  • life-threatening tachycardia
  • death
26
Q

Steps to take after severe reaction to contrast

A
  • code blue (immediately)

- epinephrine (will be given by doctor)

27
Q

Order of events for ALL contrast reactions

A
  1. discontinue contrast
  2. call for nurse and physician immediately
  3. assess patient’s ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation)
  4. acquire vital signs
  5. prepare reaction kids and O2
  6. prepared to call a code blue
28
Q

nephrotoxicity

A

decrease in renal function following IV contrast administration

29
Q

risk factors for nephrotoxicity

A
  • preexisting renal insufficiency
  • diabetes
  • dehydration
  • heart disease
  • diuretic use
  • age
  • multiple myeloma
30
Q

barium sulfate

A

used almost exclusively for GI system

31
Q

Enteral

A

goes into GI tract without being absorbed by body

32
Q

parenteral

A

intrathecal, intra-articular, intravenous

33
Q

intrathecal

A

ex: myelograms

34
Q

intra-articular

A

ex: arthrograms

35
Q

intravenous

A

ex: IVP, urograms

36
Q

most common contraindication for barium sulfate

A

perforated bowel

Random RTBC Notes (13 decks)

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