radiation detection devices

Question 1

ionization chambers

Answer 1

radiation interacts with air in gas chamber, causing ionization; current can be measured (exposure, air KERMA, or equivalent dose)

Question 2

scintillation detectors

Answer 2

scintillation crystal (xray to light)

to photocathode (light to electrons)

to photomultiplier tube (intensifies signal)

then converted to measurement at readout screen

Question 3

semiconductor detectors

Answer 3

semi-conductor crystal (photon to electrons)

to amplifier (amplifies the signal)

then converted to measurement at readout screen

Question 4

Annual occupational dose (BODY)

Answer 4

50 mSv

Question 5

Annual occupational dose (EYES)

Answer 5

150 mSv

Question 6

Annual occupational dose (SKIN)

Answer 6

500 mSv

Question 7

TLD

Answer 7

• radiation absorbed in lithium fluoride crystal
• lithium fluoride crystal is heated
• lithium fluoride crystal releases light
• light is measured and dose report is created

Question 8

TLD disadvantages

Answer 8

prone to fade in high heat or light; can only be read once

Question 9

OSL

Answer 9

• radiation absorbed by aluminum oxide crystal
• aluminum oxide crystal exposed to laser
• aluminum oxide crystal releases light
• light measured to create dose report

Question 10

OSL disadvantage

Answer 10

more expensive

Question 11

OSL advantages

Answer 11

more sensitive to radiation; will not fade in heat or light; can be read multiple times