Patterns in the Periodic Table

Question 1

How are the elements listed in the periodic table?

Answer 1

By the filling order of quantum orbitals from lowest to highest energy using the Aufbau principle.

Question 2

How are the periods of the periodic table set up?

Answer 2

they are set up by n value. all elements that have their last electron in the same energy level are in the same row.

Question 3

What does the number of elements in a period signify?

Answer 3

dictated by the number of electrons an energy level can hold. ex: n=1, there is only the 1s orbital and since this can only hold 2 electrons, there are 2 elements in period 1.

Question 4

What happens to the position of the elements on the table because of patterns 1&2?

Answer 4

they are in blocks in which all atoms face their last electrons in similar shaped orbitals (same l values)

Question 5

What does the group number of an element tell you?

Answer 5

it tells u how many electrons are in the highest n energy level. these are the valence electrons that are available to do chemical reactions.

Question 6

What are the 4 Gr.11 periodic trends that are important when looking at the periodic table?

Answer 6

1. atomic radius- increase down and left
2. ionization energy- amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom (increases up and right)
3. electron affinity- amount of energy released when an atom gains an electron (increases up and right)
4. electronegativity- an atoms ability to attract a pair of electrons in a chemical bond (increases up and right)

Question 7

What can you use the electronegativity between 2 atoms to predict?

Answer 7

the type of bond that will be formed

Question 8

Why do d and f orbital blocks lag behind?

Answer 8

there is a slight difference in energy levels between of electron interference which creates a lag of n-1 for d orbitals and n-2 for f orbitals.