Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Short sequence of DNA that gives rise to a protein/trait

Question 2

Locus

Answer 2

Each gene has a particular location on a chromosome

Question 3

What did Gregor Mendel discover?

Answer 3

Evidence of gene segregation, homologous chromosome are independently distributed and assorted during meiosis.

Question 4

Alleles

Answer 4

Forms of a gene with a slightly different DNA sequence

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

The particular set of alleles carried by an individual

Question 6

Hybrid

Answer 6

The offspring of a cross between two individuals that breed true for different forms of a trait. (Heterozygous individual)

Question 7

Difference between Homozygous and Heterozygous

Answer 7

Homozygous- 2 alleles that are the same (AA, aa)

Heterozygous-2 alleles that are different (Aa)

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

Physical appearance of a certain trait

Question 9

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

Answer 9

During meiosis 2 genes segregate from each other and wind up in different gametes

Question 10

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 10

Genes located on a non-homologous chromosomes segregate independently of each other and give predictable F2 phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1

Question 11

Co-dominance

Answer 11

Two non-identical alleles are both fully expressed in heterozygotes, so neither is dominant or recessive
Ex. Blood type

Question 12

Multiple Allele Systems

Answer 12

Genes with 3 or more alleles in a population

Question 13

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 13

Neither allele is not fully dominate over it’s partner

Ex. Snapdragon Color (red, pink,white)

Question 14

Pleiotropy

Answer 14

A gene that influences multiple traits

Ex. Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 15

Epistasis

Answer 15

Two or more gene products influence a trait..typically one gene product suppresses the effect of another
Ex. Color coat in dogs

Question 16

Environment and Gene Expression

Answer 16

The environment affects the expression of many genes, which in turn affects phenotype–including behavioral traits

Genotype+environment-> phenotype

Question 17

Continuous Variations

Answer 17

Traits with a range of small differences.

The more factors that influence a trait, the more the phenotype will be shown

Question 18

Bell curve

Answer 18

When continuous phenotypes are divided into measurable categories and plotted as a bar chart, they form a bell-shapes curve

Question 19

Complex variation in traits

Answer 19

• individuals of most species vary in some of their shared traits
• many traits (eye color) show a phenotypic range in variation