Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KHI > PBL 3: David Hoyle -Nervous System > Flashcards

PBL 3: David Hoyle -Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the Central Nervous System?

A
  1. Brain and Spinal Cord
  2. Integrative and Control Centers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What comprises the Peripheral Nervous System?

A
  1. Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves
  2. Communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A
  1. Sensory (afferent) division
  2. Motor (efferent) divisions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What comprises the Sensory (afferent) division of the CNS and what is its major function?

A
  1. Somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers
  2. Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What comprises the Motor (efferent) division of the PNS and what is its major function?

A
  1. Motor nerve fibers
  2. Conducts impules from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two major divisions of the motor division of the PNS?

A
  1. Autonomic Nervous System
  2. Somatic Nervous System
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What comprises the ANS and what is its major function?

A
  1. Visceral motor (involuntary)
  2. Conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscle andd glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the ANS and their functions?

A
  1. Sympathetic division: mobilizes body systems during activity
  2. Parasympathetic division: conserves energy, promotes housekeeping functions during rest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What comprises and is the major function of the somantic nervous system of the motor division of the PNS?

A
  1. Somatic motor (voluntary)
  2. Conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Draw the basic organization of the central and peripheral components of the nervous system

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Somatic Neurotransmitters and receptors

A

Acetylcholine/Nicotinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sensory neurotransmitters and receptors

A

Acetylcholine/Nicotinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parasympathetic neurotransmitters and receptors

A

Preganglionic: Acetylcholine
Postganglionic: ACh

Preganglionic: Nicotinic
Postganglionic: Muscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sympathetic neurotransmitters and receptors

A

Preganglionic: Acetylcholine
Postganglionic: Noradrenaline, adrenaline (via medulla)

Preganglionic: Nicotinic
Postganglionic: a1/2. b1/2/3. Muscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Draw the structure and effectors of nerve fibres for the somatic nervous system and each division of the ANS.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of the Parasympathetic division of the ANS

A

SLUDGE

Salivation

Lacrimation

Urination

Defecations

Gastric Motility

Emesis

17
Q

Functions of the Sympathetic division of the ANS

A

The four E’s

Excitement

Emergency

Embarassment

Exercise

18
Q

Functions of the Enteric Nervous System

A
  • Embedded in the GI lining
  • GI functions
  • Can function by itself
19
Q

How are action potentials generated?

A
  • A membrane potential is created through the maintenance of an ionic gradient between the intracellular and extracellular space
  • [N+] high outside cell, [K+] high inside
  • Na+/K+ ATPase pump maintains gradient
  • Membrane potential roughly -70mV between outside and isnide of cell with the inside being more negative than outside
20
Q

Neurotransmitter (non-direct) propagation of action potentials

A
  1. AP arrives at nerve terminal
  2. CA2+ diffuses into the nerve
  3. Influx of CA2+ promotes exocytosis of neurotransmitters
  4. Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft
  5. Neurotransmimtter binds to ligant gated channels, causing Na2+ to move into the cell
21
Q

Generation of the Action Potential

A
  1. Stimulus causes the opening of Na channels which causes Na to rush into the cell -inside of the cell becomes more positive and membrane potential rises from -70mv to -55mv
  2. Depolarization threshold is reached, more channels open causing +30mv
  3. At +30mv Na channels close and K+ channels open, allowing L to rush out of the cell. Inside of cell loses positive charge causing membrane potential to return to -70mv
  4. Membrane potential drops below -70Mv to to K-channel slow to close -hyperpolarization
22
Q

Draw the time course and an action potential

A
23
Q

AP propagation in unmyelinated nerves (Continuous conduction)

A

APs are generated at sites immediately adjacent to each other and conductions is relatively slow

24
Q

AP propagation in myelinated nerves (saltatory conduction)

A

Myelin sheath acts as insulating, preventing leakage of charge from axon and allowing membrane voltage to change more repidly.

Current only pass out of membrane at nodes of Ranvier.

Highly concentrated Na+ channels at nodes

30 times faster, ‘leaping’

Derp you know this you have a degree in neuroscience derpderpderpderp derp derp derp derp derp.

25
Q

Where is the CSF produced and where does it flow?

A
  • Created in the ependymal cells found within the choroid plexus of each of the ventricles in the brain
  • Flows through the four ventricles of the brain and circulated down the central canal and through the subarachnoid space
  • 500ml produced per day
26
Q

List the 4 major functions of the CSF

A
  1. Nourishes neurons (oxygen, glucose etc)
  2. Removes waste
  3. Reduced brain weight (buoyancy)
  4. Protection
27
Q

Compare CSF to Blood

A

Decreased Proteins, Ca2+, K+

Increased Na+, H+, Glucose

28
Q

How does an auto immune disease cause tissue damage in the axons/myelin?

A
  1. Initial infection containing similar antigens to that of host tissue is resolves by immune system
  2. Helper T-cells activate B-cells which produce auto reactive antibodies
  3. Antibodies bind myeling/axon, recruiting complement protein and initiation of complement cascade
  4. Complement cascade causes cell lysis, destroying internal cell and tissue damage

KHI (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions