PDEV Flashcards by Denese Rodriguez

is often defined as a complex state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence thought and behavior

Emotion

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According to author ________ human emotion involves “…physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.”

David G. Myers

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________ states that we infer in ourselves and others.

Internal conscious

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a broad range of feelings that people experience

Affect

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intense feelings that are directed at someone or something

Emotions

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feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus

Moods

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● Emotions are subjective feelings
● Make us feel in a particular way.
● Anger or joy.
● Meaning and personal significance.
● Vary in intensity and quality.
● Rooted in mental processes (labeling).

Feeling Component

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● Biological activation.
● Autonomic and hormonal systems.
● Prepare and activate adaptive coping behavior during emotion.
● Body prepared for action
● Alert posture, clenched fists.

Bodily Arousal

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● Give emotion its goal-directed force.
● Motivation to take action.
● Cope with emotion-causing circumstances.
● Why people benefit from emotions
● Social and evolutionary advantage.

Purposive component

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● Give emotion its goal-directed force.
● Motivation to take action.
● Cope with emotion-causing circumstances.
● Why people benefit from emotions
● Social and evolutionary advantage.

Purposive component

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● Emotion’s communicative aspect.
● Postures, gestures, vocalizations, facial expressions make our emotions public.
● Verbal and nonverbal communication.
● Helps us interpret the situation.
● How person reacts to event.

Social-Expressive component

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Variety of Emotions:

Positive Human Emotions
Negative Human Emotions

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major theories of emotion can be grouped into three main categories:

physiological, neurological, and cognitive

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propose that activity within the brain leads to emotional responses

Neurological theories

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argue that thoughts and other mental activity play an essential role in forming emotions

Cognitive theories

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naturalist Charles Darwin who proposed that emotions evolved because they were adaptive and allowed humans and animals to survive and reproduce.

Evolutionary Theory of Emotion

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is one of the best-known examples of a physiological theory of emotion, suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events.

The James-Lange Theory of Emotion

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Independently proposed by psychologist ________and physiologist _________, James-Lange Theory

William James, Carl Lange

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emotions arise as a result of physiological arousal

James-Lange Theory

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Another well-known physiological theory is the __________

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

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Author of Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

Walter Cannon

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Cannon first proposed his theory in the 1920s, and his work was later expanded on by physiologist ________ during the
1930s.

Philip Bard

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states that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently

The Cannon–Bard theory

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Also known as the two-factor theory of emotion

Schachter-Singer Theory

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This theory suggests that the physiological arousal occurs first, and then the individual must identify the reason for this arousal to experience and label it as an emotion, people infer emotions based on physiological responses.

Schachter-Singer Theory

_______ was a pioneer in this area of emotion, and this theory is often referred to as the Lazarus theory of emotion.

Richard Lazarus

thinking must occur first before experiencing emotion

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

a person judges its potential threat

primary appraisal

determines if effective options are available to manage the situation

secondary appraisal

suggests that facial expressions are connected to experiencing emotions.

Facial-Feedback Theory of Emotion

a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community

Mental Health

"a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community" who said this?

WHO (World Health Organization)

"The capacity of the individual, the group, and the environment to interact in ways that promote subjective well-being, the optimal development and use of mental abilities (cognitive, affective, and relational), the achievement of individual and collective goals consistent with justice: and, the attainment and preservation of conditions of fundamental equality"

Striking a Balance

is a state of emotional and social well-being. It describes a person's ability to carry on in their everyday life, is subject to change

Mental health

range from short term issues such as anxiety and stress through to more extreme clinical problems and psychosis. Most individuals will experience some mental health issues at some time.

Mental health problems

are disorders of brain function.

Mental Illnesses

a shocking experience that causes a high level of mental stress

Life Crisis

Physical or mental demands associated with your surroundings

Environmental Stress

Some mental illness is inherited

Hereditary

Caused by physical conditions that affect the brain

Organic Mental Disorders

Disturbances in brain mechanisms designed to protect you from harm

Anxiety Disorders

Disturbances in usual mood states

Mood Disorders

Disturbance of thinking perception and behaviour

Psychotic Disorders

Maladaptive personal characteristics

Personality Disorders

Disturbances of weight and feeding behaviour

Eating Disorders

Early disturbances in usual brain development

Developmental Disorders

Persistent disturbances in expected behaviours

Behavioural Disorders

Disorders of craving

Addictions

Anxiety Disorders

● Specific Phobias ● General Anxiety Disorder ● Social Anxiety Disorder ● Panic Disorder ● Agoraphobia

Mood Disorders

● Major Depressive Disorder (Clinical Depression) ● Bipolar Disorder

Psychotic Disorders

● Schizophrenia ● Delusional Disorder

Personality Disorders

● Eccentric: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal ● Dramatic/Emotional: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic ● Fear-Related: Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Eating Disorders

● Anorexia Nervosa ● Bulimia Nervosa ● Binge Eating Disorder

Developmental Disorders

● Autism Spectrum Disorder ● Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ● Learning Disorder

Behavioural Disorders

● Oppositional Defiant Disorder ● Conduct Disorder

Addictions

● Substance Use Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

● Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

● Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

is simply a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical or mental equilibrium.

Stress

can trigger the "fight-or-flight" response, causing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol to surge through the body.

stressful event

This involves the interactions between the hormones, glands and nervous system where the adrenal gland drives the production of cortisol or better known as _________

stress hormone

which is a term for Positive stress

Eustress

which refers to Negative stress

Distress

3 Stages of Stress Response

● The Alarm Stage: - Fight or flight - Adrenaline ● The Resistance Stage: - Homeostasis: The body tries to return to normal. ● The Exhaustion Stage: - Impaired judgment and serious illness - Weakened immune system

is a process that looks differently for most people. This process is not liner or well-defined. Patience and flexibility are really important.

Adjustment

are not static; they are continually evolving, and to fully enjoy and benefit from them we need skills, information, inspiration, practice, and social support.

Relationships

The ___________ defines family as "two or more persons who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption and who live together as one household."

Bureau of the Census

Some typical characteristics of a _______ are support, mutual trust, regular interactions, shared beliefs and values, security, and a sense of community.

family

can be thought of as a close tie between two people that is often built upon mutual experiences, shared interests, proximity, and emotional bonding.

friendship

___________and ____________, social-network researchers and authors of the book Connected, find that the average person has about six close ties—though some have more, and many have only one or none.

Nicholas Christakis, James Fowler

____________________, including marriage, are close relationships formed between two people that are built upon affection, trust, intimacy, and romantic love.

Romantic partnerships