P.E 1-2 quiz Flashcards
1
Q
which carbohydrate is a natural sugar in fruit
A
Fructose!
2
Q
which carbohydrate is a natural sugar in milk products
A
Lactose
3
Q
which carbohydrate is processed table sugar
A
Sucrose
4
Q
which simple carbohydrate is the form of sugar in the blood
A
Glucose
5
Q
What is the main source of energy for the body and make up about 50-60% of our total intake of food?
A
Carbohydrate lol
6
Q
Carbohydrates are simple (____) or complex (____).
A
sugars & starches
7
Q
What are the three macronutirents
A
Carbohydrates, protein, fats
8
Q
What are the two micronutrients
A
Vitamins and minerals
9
Q
Name all of the fat-soluble vitamins. NOW
A
UHHHHHHHHh
Vitamins A, D, E, K
All Dogs Eat Kibbles >:)
10
Q
Water solubles– QUICK NAME THEM ALL
A
Vitamin C and B vitamins–
Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12
Boats and Canoes float on wata
B4, B8, B10 and B11 aren’t vitamins no mo :(
11
Q
what categories does fats fall into?
A
Saturated and Unsaturated
12
Q
Which is more healthy, saturated or UNsaturated fats
A
Unsaturated
13
Q
Which type of minerals are,
calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium?
A
Major minerals
14
Q
Which type of minerals are iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper, manganese, fluoride, chromium, and molybdenum?
A
Trace minerals
15
Q
What are Grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy a part of?
A
The carbohydrate group.
16
Q
What are MPF(Meat, poultry,fish) and LNS(legumes, nuts, and seeds) a part of?
A
The protein group.
17
Q
Which is healthier? Whole grains or refined grains? Why?
A
Whole grains because they have more fiber and nutrients. They contain the entire kernel, including the bran, germ, and endosperm.
18
Q
What is the process through which water moves in and out of the cells of the body called?
A
osmosis
19
Q
What does the Acid-base balance do?
A
Allows cells to function properly
20
Q
What electrolytes help control osmosis by maintaining an acid-base balance?
A
Sodium and potassium
21
Q
What does carbohydrate deficiency cause?
A
Fatigue and weakness.
22
Q
What does protein deficiency cause?
A
Loss of muscle mass, fatigue, and slower wound healing.
23
Q
What is Kwashiorkor?
Kwahh—shee—oh—kkor
A
condition resulting from inadequate protein intake.
24
Q
What deficiency causes malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins?
A
Fat deficiency.
25
What will Vitamin B1 deficiency cause?
fatigue, depression, and irritability, and muscle weakness.
26
What will Vitamin B2 deficiency cause?
cracking of lips and itchy, burning eyes.
27
What Vitamin deficiency causes dermatitis, dementia, appetite loss, and confusion???
Vitamin B3 deficiency.
28
What will Vitamin B6 deficiency cause?
dermatitis, acne, and peripheral neuropathy.
29
What vitamin deficiency causes seborrheic dermatitis, and hair and appetite loss?
Vitamin B7 deficiency.
30
What vitamin deficiency causes anemia, spina bifida, and retarded growth in children?
Vitamin B9 deficiency. (Folic acid)
31
What vitamin deficiency causes neurological damage and balance and coordination difficulties?
Vitamin E deficiency.
32
What Vitamin deficiency causes blood clotting and increased bruising?
Vitamin K deficiency.
33
Abnormally high levels of vitamin storage in the human body, is called what?
Hypervitaminosis
34
A disorder that causes brittle bones, eye damage, and an abnormal heartbeat.
Osteoporosis
35
An enzyme released into the stomach, helps to break down protein found in meat into PEPTIDES
Pepsin
36
Where in the stomach does most digestion take place?
Small intestine
37
What does the small intestine consists of? From shortest to longest.
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Duo—dee—nuhm
Jeh—juu—nuhm
Ell—ee—uhm
38
What helps to digest and absorb fats or lipids?
Bile
39
What are the two sites of absorption of nutrients?
Villi and microvilli
40
What does the large intestine consist of?
Cecum, colon, and rectum
41
How many parts to the colon?
3: ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon.
42
Where in the body is the water absorbed and bacterial fermentation occurs?
The large intestine.
43
What happens when stool reaches the rectum?
go potty
44
What processes does Metabolism include?
Physical and chemical processes.
45
What are the two types of Metabolism that occur at the same time?
Anabolism and Catabolism.
46
What system is the recommended amounts of nutrients to consume or not to exceed each day.
DV-- Daily value
47
What two sets of values make up the DVs?
The Daily References Value (DRV) and the Reference Daily Intakes (RDIs). Both report that daily values as percentages.
48
What does the Dietary guidelines state that your fat intake should be?
Less than 30% of your total calorie intake.
49
What does the Dietary guidelines state that your total carbohydrate should be?
60%.
50
What does the Dietary guidelines state that your protein intake should be?
less than 10%.
51
What does the Dietary guidelines state that your fiber intake should be?
11.5 grams per 1,000 calories.
52
Who regulates the labeling of all foods except meat and poultry?
FDA -- Food and Drug Administration.
53
Who regulates the labeling of meat and poultry?
USDA-- The United States Department of Agriculture
54
an eating disorder that includes uncontrolled consumption of very large amounts of food. People with this disorder often eat alone. Feelings of shame or guilt caused by their behavior drive them to do this. It can also cause high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, or musculoskeletal problems.
BED-- Binge eating disorder
55
What hormone triggers hunger?
Ghrelin.
Greh—lehn
56
What hormone triggers satiety? (fullness)
Leptin.
57
How much iron do young men need a day?
11 mg/day.
58
How can a pregnant woman take care of her health?
adequate folate intake to
reduce the risk of neural tube defects.
59
What program provides balanced, nutritious meals for a reduced price or free to children enrolled in participating schools?
NSLP-- National School Lunch Program
60
Which program for school children is a voluntary program? Aiming to change the environment of the school—for example, by incorporating daily physical activity, providing nutrition education, and offering nutritious foods to combat obesity in children.
Healthier US School Challenge
61
What program for children provides healthy meals and snacks to eligible (low-income) children during school breaks such as summertime?
Summer Food Service Program (SFSP)
62
Which program provides milk to children in participating schools?
Special Milk Program. (SMP)
63
What is a food program for low-income people?
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
64
What helps suppress inflammation when injury occurs, which helps with the healing process?
Omega-3 fatty acids
65
What diet can help reduce Heart disease risk?
Consume a plant-based or Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts.
66
What diet can help reduce cancer risk?
Maintain a healthy weight, avoid junk food, eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, and limit alcohol use.
67
What diet can help reduce Diabetes risk?
Eat a diet in which carbohydrates make up about 45–65 percent of total calories, with at least half of your grains being whole grain.
68
What diet can help reduce Celiac disease risk?
Gluten free diet.
69
What diet can help reduce Osteoporosis risk?
Include nutrients such as calcium, vitamins C, D and K, and magnesium.
70
What diet can help reduce Cystic fibrosis risk?
Consume a diet higher in calories.
71
_______ activities refer to activities that stimulate the lungs, heart muscle, and blood.
Cardiovascular
72
What is the physical activity recommendation for youths (6-17 years of age)?
60 minutes or more a day.
73
What is the physical activity recommendation for adults (18-64 years of age)?
150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity throughout the week
74
What factor plays the greatest role in determining Basal Metabolic Rate?
Fat-free mass
75
What is the primary reason behind the difference in metabolic rates between men and women of the same weight and height?
Fat to muscle ratio.
76
What hormone is released during periods of emotional excitement or stress?
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
77
What is the primary reason behind the increased metabolic rate in individuals living in tropical climates as compared to those in cooler climates?
Increased sweat gland activity.
78
What is the approximate increase in BMR for each degree Fahrenheit above 98.6 degree F in the case of fevers?
7%
just multiple the BMR by 7% if the degree only went up once.
79
What is the estimated percentage of total energy expenditure that is attribute to the thermic effect of food? (TEF)
10%
80
What is the measurement of energy required to consume food known as?
TEF -- Thermic effect of food
81
which macronutrient has the lowest energy wastage when metabolized by the body
Fats
82
What percentage of energy wastage occurs during the conversion of carbohydrates to fat for storage in the body?
25
83
What is the key role that electrolytes such as sodium and potassium play in maintaining normal metabolic function in the human body?
Maintenance of Osmotic equilibrium
84
What medical term used to describe a condition of extremely low levels of sodium in the body?
Hyponatremia.
Hiigh—pohn—ahh—tree—mee—ah
85
What is the most commonly used tool for assessing an adults weight, which is further assessed to determine body fat?
BMI
86
What factors contribute to a safe and supportive community that supports overall wellness aside from being in good physical and mental health?
Housing, food, income, employment, and education.
87
What is an example of an inherited metabolic disorder in which individuals are unable to metabolize a sugar found in milk which can result in death?
Galactosemia
Gah—lakt—oh—see—mee—ah
88
What is the term used to describe lack of a regular supply of nutritious food in a community?
Food insecurity
89
Which program distributes commodities to natural disaster relief agencies?
DFP -- Disaster Feeding Program
90
What is the largest single contributor to disease in the world according to WHO?
Malnutrition
91
What does FDA stand for?
Food and Drug Administration
92
Which program collects the health status of the nation?
NHANES-- the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
93
Which program collects info on household food consumption?
NFCS-- The Nationwide Food consumption Survey
94
Which program collects info on attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs on healthy eating?
CSFII-- Continuing Survey of Food Intake of Individuals
