PE

Question 1

Dyspnea

Answer 1

-difficult and labored breathing w/ SOB
-common w/ pulmonary or cardiac compromise
-causes: 2nry lifestyle and obesity
-important to establish
present @ rest

Question 2

Orthopnea

Answer 2

SOB begins or increased when laying down

Question 3

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)

Answer 3

sudden onset of SOB after a period of sleep

sleep apnea will do this

Question 4

Platypnea

Answer 4

Dyspnea INCREASE in the UPRIGHT posture

Question 5

Kussmaul Breathing

Answer 5

• deep and labored breathing pattern
• asso. w/ diabetic ketoacidosis
• form of hyperventilation
• rapid & shallow as acidosis becomes worse breathing becomes deep, labored and gasping (Kussmaul Breathing)

Question 6

cheyne-stroke respiration

Answer 6

deeper and sometimes faster breathing–> temporary apnea

BRAIN TUMORS

Question 7

Rhonchi (course Crackles)

Answer 7

• rolling thunderstorm

- coarse rattling respiratory sounds, usually caused by secretions in bronchial airways

Question 8

Rales (Fine Crackles)

Answer 8

• soft, high-pitched, and very brief sound
• sounds like “Velcro fastener”
• indicates an interstitial process, such as pulmonary fibrosis or congestive heart failure

Question 9

Fremitus

Answer 9

-vibration transmitted through the body generally referring to an assessment of the lungs
-increases: consolidation or fibrosis
-decreases: fluid or air
two types
Tactile: vibration intensity felt on the chest wall “99”
Vocal: heard w/ a stethoscope on the chest wall w/ spoken words

Question 10

Adventitious Breath Sounds

Answer 10

Abnormal breath sounds heard during auscultation

Pleural Rub

Question 11

Pleural Effusion

Answer 11

abnormal presence of fluid in pleural cavity

late 20’s skinny tall smoker, SOB, spontaneous hemothorax

Question 12

Pink Puffer

predominant emphysema

Answer 12

• emphysema
• destruction of the airway distal to the terminal bronchiole
• less surface area
• very THIN people, breath into their nose and then Pff, pff

Question 13

Blue bloater

predominant bronchitis

Answer 13

• primary underlying lung pathology is chronic bronchitis
• airway obstruction–> mucus
• capillary bed is undamaged

Question 14

• older, thin
• severe dyspnea
• quiet chest
• X-ray , hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms

Answer 14

Emphysema

Question 15

• overweight and cyanotic
• elevated hemoglobin
• peripheral edema
• rhonchi and wheezing

Answer 15

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 16

pathologic diagnosis permanent enlargement and destruction of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole

Answer 16

emphysema

Question 17

clinical diagnosis daily productive cough for three months or more in at least two consecutive years

Answer 17

chronic bronchitis

Question 18

“pink puffer”

also known

Answer 18

emphysema

Question 19

“chronic Blotter”

also known

Answer 19

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 20

MC chest wall deformity

Answer 20

Pectus excavatum