P.E unit 4: activity analysis

Question 1

what is the main purpose of activity analysis?

Answer 1

main purpose for analysis is to determine either how the performance might be improved by coaches direct immediate intervention using direct observation, or how the performance can be improved by application of a specific training program, once performance data has being analysed.

The main purpose of an activity analysis, based on accurate viewing, is to gather specific physiological data and information, either through viewing or recording an individual performance.

Question 2

four key aspects related to games analysis, that are considered vital for athlete/coach to know?

Answer 2

physical: physiological requirements of performance and recovery.
mental: psychological skills training and performance under game pressure.
technical: successful performance of skills under pressure.
tactical: decision-making skills and game sense, ability to read the play.

Question 3

explain direct viewing analysis

Answer 3

most common in no professional sports, coach or observer vies game, the game is viewed and subjective information in gathered, which allows immediate changes to be made if required.

Question 4

typical information gathered from direct viewing

Answer 4

• skill frequencies
• players movement patterns (the type of movements being made)
• use of the playing area and the location of ‘hot-spots’ or most utilised parts of the field.
• playing intensities and the ability to sustain high-intensity efforts.
• keys actions and associated muscle sand fitness components called upon.
• repeated actions and set team plays, for both teams.

Question 5

advantages of direct viewing analysis?

Answer 5

• Immediate changes can be made to the playing set-up or style of play in response to how the game is progressing (concurrent feedback)
• Player fatigue is easily viewed and counteracted by using the bench for recovery
  Player are able to stay on the field, with positions rotated to increase player efficiency.

Question 6

the viewing team

Answer 6

some of problems associated with direct viewing can be overcome by utilising a viwing team, which involves a team of 4-5 individuals who are instrcutued to observe certain aspects of the perofmrance. eg one person views movement pattersm, the other playing intensities, or majot musce groups of fitness components.

Question 7

disadvantages of direct viewing analysis?

Answer 7

• Decisions are subjective or opinion-based. (this disadvantage can be reduced with training and increased viewing experience.)
• There is no way of showing players how they performed.
• It does not provide reference for comparing to future performances.
• Viewers need to rely on memory, which may be limited, and unreliable.
• The pace of the game can be to fast to take in everything, and may not be able to view everything at once, can easily miss something.
• It can be difficult to view multiple players at one time.
• Large playing fields increase the distance in which observation need to be made.
  Time consuming, and has high demands of observer, requires high amount of attention and knowledge of activity and performance, what to observe etc.

Question 8

direct viewing and stastical analysis

Answer 8

involve recording statistical data such as number of possessions, accompanied with a viewing team and direct viewing can increase the accuracy of results, as quantitative data can be measured.
Statistical recording accompanying a viewed performance as well as a viewing team greatly increases the ability to store and compare data, and can result in more specific and effective feedback.

Question 9

digital recording

Answer 9

digital recording included the use of video cameras, tablets, mobile apps, heart-rate monitoring, global positioning systems and/ or aerial sports analysis.

Question 10

physiological data importance? and what can be gained from activity analysis?

Answer 10

This data allows us to determine the relevant fitness components energy systems, movement patterns, heart rates, work-to-rest ratios and skill frequencies, so that appropriate fitness tests can be selected to test these aspects.

Question 11

importance of activity analysis, and how valid and realiable data can be utilised?

Answer 11

An activity analysis is the first step in effectively developing and implementing a strategic training program.
- Armed with valid and reliable performance data, performers can be monitored and evaluated in an unbiased and objective manner; allowing for a more specific training program design

Question 12

specific info that can be drawn out of activity analysis includes?

Answer 12

• identifying energy system contribution, requirements and interplay during different parts of the performance
• identifying the major fitness components that were used and how they were used
• the movement patterns that occurred in performance
• performance intensities
• likely factors associated with fatigue
• skill frequencies and related muscle groups requiring conditioning
• the major muscle groups used in performance
• the work-to-rest ratio
• heart-rate data

Question 13

advantages of mobile apps in activity analysis?

Answer 13

The advantages of mobile apps include their convenience and portability, as well as their accessibility and affordability. For students, apps such as Time Motion and Easy Tag represent a contemporary means of achieving activity analysis

Question 14

aerial sports and analysis technology?

Answer 14

‘Eye in the sky, Skycam, Spidercam’ are all systems that work to video record each performer on the field or court from a variety of angles. This allows picture-in-picture analysis of players even while they are off the ball. Data about what players are doing for the duration of the game is vital - not just when they’re involved in the play!

Question 15

Direct viewing and statistical recording advantages

Answer 15

• Viewers are able to discuss performance with players more objectively(increasing validity and reliability).
• Date can be reviewed in the future, statistical data.
• Player or performance profiles are easy to establish.
• Increases the accuracy of the viewing as it has statistical data to back up findings, as well as assist in identifying certain criteria.

Question 16

Direct viewing and statistical recording disadvantages

Answer 16

• Training for viewers is required before performance, must be trained on what to view, how to view, what to look for and have knowledge in certain sporting or event field to be able to make appropriate judgments and observations.
• It is difficult for one person to do both review and record data.
• It can be extremely labour intensive, requiring a lot of effort.
• Guessing may be needed if viewing is obstructed, or actions are missed, decreasing the reliability of data.

Question 17

digital recording advantages

Question 18

digital recording disadvantages

Question 19

-heart-rate monitoring advantages

Answer 19

• Monitors are relativity cheap and easy to utilise.
• Monitoring generally doesn’t have an impact on performance (unobtrusive)
• It measures intensities, which can be a good indicator of what heart rate zone the individual is working in, and the associated energy systems interplay relative to these heart rates. Which correlates to performance levels.

Question 20

heart-rate monitoring disadvantages

Answer 20

• Only records intensities of individuals.
• Waterproof monitors can be expensive
• May be delay in ‘real-time’ signals.
• Data may only be variable after the performance is it has to be downloaded, therefore cannot provide concurrent feedback to individual.
• during low intensity and heart rate frequency is frequently not linear.
• need to calibrate heart rate monitor to each individual.
  effected by things like stress, fear, excitement and changes in body temperature.

Question 21

global positioning systems (GPS) advantages

Answer 21

• GPS combines movement patterns with intensities.
• It easily identifies fatigue in player sand individuals, which can be utilised for benching players et, or identify a weakness in a fitness or health component.
• Can be used in the field - doesn’t require a laboratory.

Question 22

global positioning systems (GPS) disadvantages

Answer 22

• The number of monitors may be limited, so may not be possible for every player in a sport to have one.
• Can be expensive to purchase.
• With no reference to other players, limited contextual information can result.
  Some models can be uncomfortable to wear.

Question 23

Filming, aerial sports analysis, etc. advantages

Answer 23

• every player is visible for the whole game.
• Allows for players to be monitored when not directly involved in game play (eg when ‘off-ball) which can allow for tactical decision making to be observed.
• Movements can be further analysed by biomechanists and/or computer programs to make comparisons on techniques and skill execution for optimal performance.
• Increase spectators understanding and following of the game .
• Allows for field refees to call for third-umprire decisions.
• More acurate method of data collection.

Question 24

Filming, aerial sports analysis, etc. disadvantages

Answer 24

• This is expensive to set up and requires many operators to use the camera(s)/recorder(s).

Question 25

GPS technology

Answer 25

GPS is one of the best ways to assess playing intensities. GPS not only provides an idea of how fast a player is moving (and hence their intensity), but also gives an idea of where on the field or court they are moving. Typical GPS data can provide speed, distance, heart rate, body load information and intensity graphs, as well as generally tracking workloads.

Question 26

what does this graph represent?

Answer 26

Practicality vs accuracy Generally highly practical method of data recording such as viewing, viewing and statistics, have lower accuracy levels. In comparison to data methods of viewing such as aerial viewing/recording and GPS, which tend to have a higher levels of accuracy and reliability, but a less practical to implement.

Question 27

movement patterns

Answer 27

movement patterns are the typical movements completed by a performer during a game or an activity.

Question 27

what information can be gained from movement patterns?

Answer 27

Movement patterns are analyzed to determine sets of plays, relative energy system contribution, relative fitness components, potential causes of fatigue, collected data can then be utilized to develop training programs or make adjustments to previous programs based of requirements of the game. Valuable tool which can aid in improving performance of an individual and as a team. - speed, distance, hot spots on the field, sets of plays.

Question 28

analysis of skill frequencies

Answer 28

data surrounding how often the skill occurs throughout a certain performance time frame.