PEBC

Question 1

how to manage non-severe Clostridioides difficile Infection​?

Answer 1

Vancomycin 125 mg QID PO × 10 days

or

Fidaxomicin 200 mg BID PO × 10 days

or (if vancomycin or fidaxomicin unavailable)

Metronidazole 500 mg TID PO × 10 days
Metronidazole is ONLY used in non-severe

Question 2

how to manage severe Clostridioides difficile Infection​?

Answer 2

Vancomycin 125 mg QID PO × 10 days

or

Fidaxomicin 200 mg BID PO × 10 days

Question 3

what is a rare but serious risk associated with the use of tofacitinib in RA patients?

Answer 3

thrombosis

Question 4

how should sunscreen be applied when using DEET?

Answer 4

apply the sunscreen first. Wait for at least 10 minutes for the sunscreen to get absorbed completely before applying the insect repellant.

Question 5

how is severe hyperkalemia managed?

Answer 5

Give IV calcium promptly and begin insulin

*Dextrose (50 g per 10 units insulin) is given to avoid hypoglycemia due to the effect of insulin,

Question 6

K+ disturbances causing ECG changes?

Answer 6

Calcium gluconate or calcium chloride antagonize the adverse cardiac effects of K​+ and should be used in the presence of ECG changes or a high risk of cardiotoxicity since they are fast-acting.

Question 7

agents used in hyperkalemia?

Answer 7

-Membrane antagoinst:Calcium gluconate or calcium chloride
-Redistribution Agents: insulin, salbutamol, Na bicarb,
-K+ removal: loop diuretics,mineralocorticoids (e.g., 9-alpha-fludrocortisone), Cation-exchange resins,Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC),Patiromer

Question 8

(def):refers to black stools that occur as a result of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Answer 8

melena

Question 9

why are benzodiazepines used in alcohol management?

Answer 9

used in the management of alcohol Withdrawal.

Question 10

_________ is the treatment of choice for human or animal bites (e.g., cat, dog).

Answer 10

Amoxicillin/​clavulanate

Question 11

________and ______are broad-spectrum antibiotics used in empiric or directed therapy for severe polymicrobial infections (i.e., necrotizing fasciitis type I infections).

Answer 11

-Piperacillin/​tazobactam (beta-lactam and beta-lactamase inhibitor)
-meropenem (carbapenem)

Question 12

________ is the treatment of choice for streptococcal infections (e.g., erysipelas) but should not be used empirically as monotherapy for infections where S. aureus is suspected,

Answer 12

Penicillin

Question 13

Acute Uncomplicated UTI (Cystitis) is caused by the organisms _______.

Answer 13

Escherichia coli (80–90%)

Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5–10%)

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Proteus mirabilis

Question 14

Complicated UTI is caused by the organisms _____.

Answer 14

E. coli (50%)

P. mirabilis (20%)

Enterococcus faecalis (10%)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Providencia stuartii

Citrobacter spp.

Enterobacter spp.

Serratia spp.

Group B streptococcus

Question 15

T/F: A non-pharm tip for cystitis include recommending nsaids monotherapy for pain relief

Answer 15

FALSE:NSAIDs should not be used without antibiotics because NSAID monotherapy has been associated with a greater incidence of complications, including pyelonephritis, when compared to antibiotic therapy

Question 16

What are the pharmacological agents used to treat cystitis?

Answer 16

-Nitrofurantoin monohydrate / macrocrystals (BID product) 100mg PO BID x 5 days

-Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals (capsule) or Nitrofurantoin macrocrystals/microcrystals (tablets) 50mg to 100mg QID x 5 days

-Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim 800mg/160mg PO BID x 3 days

-Fosfomycin 3g sachet OD x 1 day

Question 17

drug therapy used in mild to moderate pyelonephritis?

Answer 17

first line:
Ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin PO × 7–14 days

2nd line:
SMX/TMP PO × 10–14 days
or
Trimethoprim PO × 10–14 days
or
Amoxicillin/clavulanate PO × 10–14 days