Pedia 3B - Applied Neonat Flashcards
(345 cards)
0
Q
Severity of Jaundice
A. Prenatal history
B. Natal history
C. Neonatal history
A
Neonatal
1
Q
GP of mother
A. Prenatal history
B. Natal history
C. Neonatal history
A
Prenatal
2
Q
Spontaneous breathing at birth
A. Prenatal history
B. Natal history
C. Neonatal history
A
Natal
3
Q
Hx of Phototherapy
A. Prenatal history
B. Natal history
C. Neonatal history
A
Neonatal
4
Q
APGAR
A. Prenatal history
B. Natal history
C. Neonatal history
A
Natal
5
Q
History & PE
- Child swallows dirt, crayon, chalk etc
A
PICA
6
Q
History & PE
Excessive thirst and water intake
A
Polydipsia
7
Q
History & PE Generalized Jaundice (sparring sclera)
A
Carotenemia
8
Q
History & PE
Child regurgitates food into mouth & chews it
A
Rumination
9
Q
History & PE
Blue without dyspnea
A
met-hemoglobunemia
10
Q
History & PE
Generalized Cyanosis + Warm Extremities
A
Central Cyanosis
11
Q
History & PE
Generalized Cyanosis (sparring tongue)
Cold extremities
A
Peripheral Cyanosis
12
Q
History & PE
Failure of muscle coordination
A
Ataxia
13
Q
History & PE
Pacified Swallowing
A
?
Maybe it’s supposed to be “Painful”? = Odynophagia
14
Q
History & PE
Difficult swallowing
A
Dysphagia
Odynophagia
Note that Odynophagia usually refers to painful swallowing while Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing
15
Q
History & PE
Lycopenemia
A
Red skin
16
Q
History & PE
Athetosis
A
Athetosis is a symptom characterized by slow, involuntary, convoluted, writhing movements of the fingers, hands, toes, and feet
17
Q
Hx and PE
Unsteady gait
A
Ataxia
18
Q
Hx and PE
Pulse
- INC w/inspiration
- DEC w/expiration
A
Sinus Arrhythmia
19
Q
Hx and PE
Pulse volume DEC (or disappears) at the end of inspiration
A
Pulsus paradoxus
20
Q
Hx and PE
Rapid, deep breathing in metabolic acidosis
A
Kussmaul’s breathing
21
Q
Hx and PE
Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing with recurring periods of apnea
A
Biot’s breathing
22
Q
Hx and PE
Lying still in bed and do NOT want their abdomen touched
A
Peritoneal Irritation
23
Q
Hx and PE
Irritability and dyspnea WORSE when laying flat
A
Congestive Heart Failure
24
Hx and PE
| Shrill shrieking and high pitched cry
CNS disease
25
Hx and PE
| Abdominal pain AGGRAVATED by palpation
Pain secondary to inflammation
26
Hx and PE
| Abdominal pain RELIEVED by palpation
Pain secondary to SPASM
27
Hx and PE
| 4 month old with head circumference larger than the chest circumference
Normal
| Insert more info
28
Hx and PE
| 12 month old w/Head > Chest
Marasmus
29
Hx and PE
Noisy, musical respiratory sound
Heard even w/o stethoscope
Wheeze
30
Hx and PE
| Sensory Changes
CNS disease
31
Hx and PE
| Dark urine
Myoglobinuria
32
Hx and PE
| Exaggerated reflexes
Peripheral nerve disease
33
Eye
| Latent Tendency of eyes to deviate
Heterophoria
34
Eye
| Partial or complete loss of vision
Amaurosis
35
Eye
| Ideal condition of exact ocular balance
Orthophoria
36
Eye
| Constant misalignment of the eyes
Heterotropia
37
Eye
| Abnormal shape of the pupil
Dyscoria
38
Head Shape
| Head is elongated in AP diameter
Scapho-cephaly
39
Head Shape
| Top of the head is POINTED
Turri-cephaly
40
Head Shape
| One side of the head is more rounded
Plagio-cephaly
41
Head Shape
| Tower head
Oxi-cephaly
42
Chest
| Pre-sternal edema
Mumps
43
Chest
| Shield-shaped chest
Turner's
44
Chest
| Absence of clavicle
Cleido-cranial dyostosis
45
Chest
| Super-numary nipples
Renal abnormality
46
Chest
| Pigeon Chest
Rickets
47
Behavioral Problems
| Acting out
Adolescence
48
Behavioral Problems
| Bed wetting
School age
49
Behavioral Problems
| Breath holding
Pre-school
50
Behavioral Problems
| Child neglect
Infancy
51
Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal
| Gravida Parity
Prenatal
52
Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal
| Mother's age
Prenatal
53
Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal
| Polyhydramnios
Prenatal
54
Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal
| Maternal intake of metformin
Prenatal
55
Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal
| Phototherapy
Natal
56
Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal
| APGAR
Natal
57
Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal
| Meconium staining
Natal
58
Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal
| NSD
Natal
59
Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal
| Duration of nursery stay
Neonatal
60
Prenatal, Natal, Neonatal
| Severity of Jaundice
Neonatal
61
History and PE
| Health history of the yaya
Family history
62
History and PE
| Are these the natural parents?
Family Hx
63
History and PE
| Is there bed wetting?
Personal and Social
64
History and PE
| What is the usual eating pattern?
Personal Social/
| Why not Nutritional??
65
History and PE
| Was phototherapy done?
Neonatal
66
History and PE
| History of repeated accidents?
Past medical history
67
History and PE
| What was the pattern of weight gain?
Nutritional
68
History and PE
| What was the age of weaning?
Nutritional
69
History and PE
| APGAR score
Natal
71
History and PE
| What was the total duration of labor?
Natal
72
History and PE
| 40th week of gestation
Neonatal
73
History and PE
| Exchange transfusion was done
Past medical history
74
History and PE
| APGAR score of 9
Natal
75
History and PE
| Two cord coils
Natal
76
History and PE
| Presence of cataract
Neonatal
77
History and PE
| Blood in sputum
Hemoptysis
78
History and PE
| Patient is blue without dyspnea
Met-hemoglobinemia
79
History and PE
| Purposeless, repetitive movement
Tics
80
History and PE
| Double vision
Diplopia
81
History and PE
| Involuntary discharge of urine occuring during sleep at night
Enuresis
82
History and PE
| Sensation as if surrounding objects are going round and round
Vertigo
83
History and PE
| Purposeless, non-repetitive involuntary movement
Chorea
84
History and PE
| Slow writhing movements of the distal portion of the extremities
Athetosis
85
History and PE
| Purposeless, non-repetitive movements
Chorea
86
History and PE
| Purposeless, repetative movements
Tics
87
History and PE
Rapid oscillatory movements
Present at Rest
Tremor
88
History and PE
| Slow rhytmic movements of the extremities and face
Athethosis
89
History and PE
| Intermittent contractions of a single muscle group (or group of muscles) resulting in a quick jerky motion of a limb
Myoclonus
90
History and PE: Posture
| Extension of the neck
Decerebrate
91
History and PE: Posture
| Flexion of the elbows and wrists
Decorticate
92
History and PE: Posture
| Extension of the lower limbs
BOTH
Decerebrate
Decorticate
93
History and PE: Posture
| Pronation of the forearm
Decerebrate posture
94
History and PE: Posture
| Extension at the elbows
Decerebrate
95
History and PE: Skin
| Blanch w/pressure
Macules
96
History and PE: Skin
| Do NOT blanch w/pressure
Petechiae
97
History and PE: Skin
| Confluent papules
Plaques
98
History and PE: Skin
| Larger lesions are called bullae
Vesicles
99
History and PE: Skin
| Central portion of the lesion paler than periphery
Wheals
100
History and PE: Normal or Abnormal
| Hydrocele at 3months
Normal
101
History and PE: Normal or Abnormal
| L scrotum is lower than right
Normal
102
History and PE: Normal or Abnormal
| Active bowel sounds in late intestinal obstruction
Abnormal
103
History and PE: Normal or Abnormal
| Kidney felt best in deep inspiration
Normal
104
History and PE: Normal or Abnormal
| Milky white breast secretions in a 5 day old neonate
Normal
105
History and PE: History
| Yaya diagnosted w/milk TB
Family History
106
History and PE: History
| Sources of support
Personal and Social
107
History and PE: History
| Baby sleeps after feeding
Nutritional history
108
History and PE: History
| Exchange Transfusion
Neonatal history
109
History and PE: History
| Oligohydromnios
Natal history
110
History and PE: History
| Term of pregnancy
Pre-natal
111
History and PE: History
| Phototherapy
Neo-natal
112
History and PE: History
| Polyhydramnios
Natal
113
History and PE: History
| Meconium Staining
Natal
114
History and PE: History
| Adequacy of milk intake
NONE
115
History and PE: History
| Teenage pregnancy
Pre-natal
116
History and PE: History
| G1P1
Pre-natal
117
History and PE: History
| Birth weight
Natal
118
History and PE: History
| Forceps delivery
Natal
119
History and PE: History
| Induced Labor
Natal
120
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Cephalhematoma
Physiologic
121
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Ebstein pearls
Physiologic
122
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Erythematoxicum
Physiologic
123
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| (+) Anlke clonus at 1 week of life
Physiologic
124
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Unequal moro reflex
PATHOLOGIC
125
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Caput succedanum
Physiologic
126
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Scaphoid abdomen at birth
Pathologic
127
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Bounding dorsalis pedis pulses
Pathologic
128
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Mila over the tip of the nose at 3 days of life
Physiologic
129
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Peripheral cyanosis at 4 hours of life
Physiologic
130
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| 36.7 C at 24h life
Pathologic
131
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Head circumerfence of 34cm
Physiologic
132
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Globular abdomen at 46H life
Physiologic
133
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| RR = 60/min at 1 hour life
Physiologic
134
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Negative fencing reflex at 1 week of life
Pathologic
135
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Consumes 15cc breastmilk at 12h life
Physiologic
136
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| (+) Palmar grasp at 24H life
Physiologic
137
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Passage of urine at 30H life in a 34 week neonate
Physiologic
138
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| (+) crepitations over the clavicular area
Pathologic
139
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| (+) Head lag at 2 weeks of life
Physiologic
140
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Umbilical cord stump falls off at 21 days
Pathologic
141
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Urethral discharge on 3 day old male
Pathologic
142
History and PE: Pathologic or Physiologic
| Highly pigmented genitalia on a newborn female
Pathologic?
143
History and PE: T/F
| In taking hx, remember to have a period of communication with the child even though the parents are talking
T
144
History and PE: T/F
| In asking questions, use both open-ended and leading questions
T
145
History and PE: T/F
| During the process of questioning, if a parent does not look in your eyes directly, it always means evasion
F
146
History and PE: T/F
| Abdominal pain made worse by squeezing the abdomen is likey to be spastic in nature
T
147
History and PE: T/F
| FF a hx of doctor-shopping by the family, one must be aware of the pediatric version of "Sandifier Syndrome"
T
148
History and PE: T/F
| Gravida = number of pregnancies reaching age of viability
F
149
History and PE: T/F
| Snoring = form of grunt which occurs during sleep
T
| Isn't snoring a form of Stridor?
150
History and PE: T/F
| Height should be measured in the supine position in infants and children below 2
T
151
History and PE: T/F
| Head circumference is measured at the point of max: Glabella and 1 inch above occipital protuberance
F
152
History and PE: T/F
| Normally at birth, head circumerence > chest circumferance and remains so until 6m of age
T
153
History and PE: T/F
| Normally, the axillary temperature is lower than the oral
T
154
History and PE: T/F
| Sinus arrythmia = rapid pulse during expiration and slower during inspiration
F
155
History and PE: T/F
A narrow blood pressure cuff will give spuriously high blood pressure
Broader cuff will give a lower reading
T
156
History and PE: T/F
| Movement is lost in both pyramidal and extra-pyramidal dse
T
157
History and PE: T/F
| (+) Moro reflex up to 6m is normal
F
158
History and PE: T/F
| Absence of balancing reflex for sitting after 8 m is abnormal
T
159
History and PE: T/F
| Knee jerk is an example of a deep reflex
T
160
History and PE: T/F
| Social smile ~ 3 months
F
161
History and PE: T/F
| Bloody vaginal discharge among newborns is pathologic
F
162
History and PE: T/F
| Pleural pain gets worse on coughing.
T
163
History and PE: T/F
| INC ICP gets worse w/coughing
T
164
History and PE: T/F
| Sclera is spared in carotenemia and lycopenemia
T
165
History and PE: T/F
| In PICA, aside from mental retardation, there is a Hx of swallowing any inedible thing
F
166
Condition: Polycythemia in IDM
CM:
Tx:
Condition:
CM: Phlethora
Tx: Partial Exchange transfusion
167
Condition: Hypocalcemia in IDM
CM:
Tx:
Condition:
CM: Lipsmacking
Tx: Ca bolus
168
Condition: RDS of prematurity
CM:
Tx:
Condition:
CM: EXP grunting
Tx: PEEP
169
Condition: ARF
CM:
Tx:
Condition:
CM: UO <1cc/kg/h
Tx: Fluids
170
Condition: Neonatal sepsis
CM:
Tx:
Condition:
CM: Poor suck
Tx: Ab coverage for G +/-
171
Condition: Hypoglycemia in IDM
Cause:
Condition:
Cause: Abrupt cessation of glucose production w/existing fetal hyper-insulinemia
172
Condition: Early hypocalcemia
Cause:
Condition:
Cause: Fxn'l hypo-parathyroidism
173
Condition:
Cause: Hyaline membrane disease in IDM
Condition:
Cause: Surfactant deficiency w/retained fetal lung fluid
174
Condition: Early hypocalcemia in IDM
Cause:
Condition:
Cause: Hypomagnasemia d/t maternal Mg renal losses
175
Condition: Neonatal seizures after double volume exchange transfusion
Cause:
Condition:
Cause: INC albumin binding of Ca
176
Condition: UTI
Symptomatology:
Condition:
Symptomatology: Failure to suck + Proteinemia
177
Condition: Group B Strep Pneumonia
Symptomatology:
Condition:
Symptomatology: Profound shock w/tachypnea and expiratory grunt w/air bronchgram
178
Condition: HMD type I
Symptomatology:
Condition:
Symptomatology: Progressive tachypnea, cyanosis, EXP grunting w/air bronchogram
179
Condition: Neonatal hypocalcemia
Symptomatology:
Condition:
Symptomatology: Jitteriness, excessive sweating, tachypnea at 3 days of life
180
Condition: Neonatal hypomagnesemia of IDM
Symptomatology:
Condition:
Symptomatology: Jitteriness, cyanosis excessive sweating at 4th day of life
181
SGA or LGA Associated
| Hypoglycemia
Both
182
SGA or LGA Associated
| Polycythemia
SGA
183
SGA or LGA Associated
| Congenital infections
SGA
184
SGA or LGA Associated
| Congenital malformations
SGA
185
SGA or LGA Associated
| Long-term developmental problems
SGA
186
SGA or LGA Associated
| Born to diabetic mother
LGA
187
SGA or LGA Associated
| Hypo-calcemia
LGA
188
SGA or LGA Associated
| Respiratory distress
LGA
189
SGA or LGA Associated
| Caudal regression syndrome
LGA
190
SGA or LGA Associated
| Congenital heart disease
LGA
191
Blue discoloration of the extremities
| When exposed to cold
Acrocyanosis
192
_______ cyanosis, esp in peri-oral region, may indicate cardiopulmonary disease
Central
193
Poly-cythemic infants w/hematocrits above ____% may also look cyanotic at times if there is enough de-saturation of Hg (>__%)
Above 68%
| >5%
194
Brown blood specimen
Met-hemoglobinemia
195
Factors associated w/Pallor (5)
```
D/t anemia
Peri-natal asphyxia w/profound circulatory disturbance
Hypo-glycemia
Seizures
Thermal cold stress
```
196
Jaundice d/t unconjugated bilirubin (skin color)
Yellow-orange
197
Jaundice d/t conjugated bilirubin
Yellow-green
198
Jaundice 5-8%
Face only
199
Jaundice 8-12%
Face + Upper trunk
200
Jaundice >12%
Lower extremities and trunk
201
Jaundice during ________ is NEVER considered physiologic
First 24h of life
202
Jaundice during initial 24h could indicate (2)
Hyper-bilirubinemia (d/t hemolytic dse such as Rh/ABO incompatibility)
Sepsis
203
Irregular, flat, erythematous
Blanch on pressure
Found on forehead, eyelids and nape of neck
Stork's bites
Capillary hemangiomas
Fade during first months of life
204
Irregular, raised, erythematous
Barely noticeable in NB then rapidly enlarge over next 2 months
Disfiguration
Almost always involute spontaneously
Strawberry or cavernous lesions (larger hemangiomas)
205
Large hemangiomas that consume large numbers of platelets
Kasselbach-Merritt Syndrome
206
Small whitish papules
Nose, cheeks, forehead
Retained sebaceous material
Milia
| Disappear during first weeks of life
207
Obstruction of eccrine sweat galnds
Pinpoint vesiculo-papular rash
Scalp, forehead, skinfold
Disappear w/in 1-2 weeks if not overheated
Miliaria
Superficial - crystallina
Deep-seated w/reddish appearance - rubra
208
MC rash of newborn period
Begins 2nd/3rd days
White papulo-vesicular lesions on erythematous base
NOT on palms/soles
Erythema toxicum
| Benign :)
209
Papulo-vesicular
ANY body surface
Rupture--> pigmented macule w/scaly ring
Pustular melanosis
| Black infant
210
MC type of nevus
Large, flat, greyish-blue
Lower trunk or buttocks
Mongolian spot
211
Light brown macules w/irregular borders
| Any skin surface
Cafe-au-lait
| No significance
212
Large and numerous cafe-au-lait spots may indicate
Neurofibromatosis
213
MC skull trauma
Caput succedaneum (edema of skull)
214
Collection of blood in periosteum
Single bone
10-20% associated w/fractures
Depression of the skull
Cephalo-hematoma
Liquifies at center
Calcifies at periphery
215
Size of fontanels
- Anterior
- Posterior
A - 2-3cm (48h of life)
| P - 1cm
216
Normal head circumference
32-37 cm
217
Eye
Lateral upward slow
Inner epi-canthal fold
Trisomy 21
| Could also be normal
218
Lateral downward slow
Renal dysplasia/hypoplasia (Potter syndrome)
219
Narrow palpebral fissures
| Reduced inter-canthal distance
Fetal alcohol syndrome
220
Conjunctiva
- First 24-48h:
- After second day:
- After 4-5days:
- Several weeks:
Conjunctiva
- First 24-48h: Erythema + Discharge from Silver nitrate
- After second day: Gonococcal ophthalmia
- After 4-5days: Blenorrhea (Chlamydia or viral conjunctivas)
- Several weeks: Also Chlamydial + pneumonia and esosinophilia
221
Blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Cutis laxa
Normal
222
D/t INC in venous pressure during delivery
| Benign
Subconjunctival hemorrhages
223
Clouding of cornea (hazy grey)
| (-) ROR
Cataracts
| Glaycoma
224
White reflex on ophthalmoscopy
Retino-blastoma
225
Blushfield spots (small white spots at periphery of iris)
Trisomy 21
| Normal
226
SGA
| Salt and pepper appearance of retina
Congenital infection
- Cytomegalic inclusion disease
- Toxoplasmosis
227
Ear:
| Anotica (Treacher-Collins syndrome)
Absence of ear
228
Pre-auricular pits are N/Ab
Normal
229
Ear examination of infant
Upward and anteriorly
230
Ear examination in an older child
UBO
231
Appearance of tympanic membrane in newborn
Less translucent
| INC vascularity
232
Red bulging tympanic membrane
Otitis media
233
Cyanosis at rest
| Disappears w/crying
Choanal atresia
234
Large tongue
Normal
235
Excessively large tongue (5)
```
Hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Hypothyroidism
Mucopolysaccharidosis
Beckwith Syndrome
```
236
Small epithelial inclusion cysts of the palate
Benign "Epstein's Pearls"
237
Retention cysts along gyms
Ranula
| Benign
238
Small Jaw
| + Glossoptosis + high arched palate
Normal
| Pierre Robin Syndrome
239
MC mass in neck
Cystic hydromas
240
```
Neck mass
Soft
Lymphoid
(+) Transillumination
Ant triangle
```
Cystic hygromas
241
Neck Mass
Firm
SCM
(-) Transillumination
Branchial cleft cysts
242
MC Midline mass
Thyroglossal duct cyst
| Goiters are rare unless endemic to area
243
Webbing of neck (3)
Turner
Noonan
Klippel-Feil
244
Most important sign of lung disease in neonate
Seen in resp distress, atelectasis, airway obstruction, aspiration
Reduced lung volume
Retractions
245
Newborn RR
Variable
Ranges 30-60 bpm
Mean: 40
246
Newborn breathing
Abdominal
Little use of accessory
Normalized at 8-12 hours
247
Contractions and cyanosis <8hours of life
Normal as fetal lung fluid is cleared
248
Cessation of breathing >15s
| Cessation of breathing <15s + bradycardia
Apnea
249
Breasts in NB
Days 2-3
250
Dull percussion note in NB
Pleural effusion
| Lobar atelectasis
251
Hyper-resonant percussion in NB
Pneumothorax
Lung cysts
Lobar emphysema
252
Breath sounds in NB ideally listened for at
Midaxillary line in midthorax
253
Breath sounds in NB and infant are more
Broncho-vesicular
254
Unilateral absence of breath sounds (40
Atelectasis
Pleural effusion
Pneumothorax
Cystic malformations
255
Bowel sounds in chest should alert to
Diaphragmatic hernia
256
Stridor on INSP
```
MC Laryngomalacia
Also
- Tracheomalacia
- Laryngeal web
- Vocal cord paralysis
- Vascular ring
```
257
Excessive mucus in upper airway results in
| Clears on coughing or crying
INSP Rhonchi
258
Crackles or rales associated with
Pneumonia
Delayed resorption of fetal lung fluid
Meconium aspiration
Pulmonary edema
259
Cardinal signs of heart disease in a neonate
Cyanosis
| Respiratory distress
260
NB Blood pressure
Systolic
Diastolic
Mean
S 40-80
D 20-55
M 25-60
261
NB HR
90-160 (usually 120-140 term)
262
Single umbilical vessel associated with
Genito-urinary anomalies
263
Cardinal signs of intestinal obstruction
- Abdominal distension
- Failure to pass mecoium
- Bilious vomiting
264
Bruits heard in abdomen
Renal artery stenosis
265
High pitched bowel sounds
Mechanical obstruction
266
(-) Bowel sounds
Ileus
| Septicemia
267
Liver in neonate found __ to __ cm below costal margin
1-2cm
268
Hard or nodular liver
Intrinsic liver pathology
269
Firm or rubbery liver
Extrinsic pathology (CHF)
270
Splenic enlargement beyond ___ cm below L costal margin is abnormal
1cm
271
Separation of musculature of the abdomen at midline
Diastasis recti
| Associated w/circular umbilical hernia
272
Tufts of hair, pilonidal sinus, soft lumps may indicate
Spina bifida occulta
273
Male phallus at least __ cm in length
1cm
274
Urethral opening proximal to end of phallus
1'
2'
3'
Hypospadias
1' - Urethral opening on glans but proximal to tip
2' - Opening along shaft
3' Opening anywhere from perineum to base
275
Caudal curve of penis
Chordee
276
Unilaterally cyanotic scrotum shortly after birth
Intra-uterine testicular torsion
| Painless but can rarely be saved
277
Discharge from female NB
- White
- Blood tinged
Normal d/t hormones
278
Membrane at opening of vagina
Hydro-metro-colpos
279
Silk sign
INdirect hernia
280
Usual signs of indirect hernia in infants
- Male
- Female
Hydrocele
| Prominence of labia majora
281
MCC Ambiguous genitalia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
282
Ovarian enlargement in NB
Cyst
| Torsion
283
Uterine enlargement in NB
Hydro-metro-colpos
284
Fusion of digits
Syndactly
285
Unequal limb size is associated with
congenital malformations
Hemangiomas
Lymphangiomas
Intrauterine positional anomalies
286
Hip dislocation
Ortolani
Barlow
Asymmetry of gluteal folds
287
Optimal time to perform neurological examination
Prior to feeding
288
Frog-leg position
Hypotonic infants
| Normal in pre-mature
289
Disconjugate gaze is normal up to
6 months
| Esp immediately ff sleep
290
CN IX & X assessed by
Effective coordination of swallowing
291
Assessment of CN XII
Sucking and Milk expression
292
Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Moro
Appears 28w
Complete 32w
Disappears 4m
293
Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Palmar
Appears 28 (same as moro)
Developed by 32w
Disappears 2-3m
294
Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Tonic Neck/Fencing
Appears: 35w
Peak: 1m postnatal
Disappears: 6m
295
Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Stepping (involuntary walking)
Appears 35-36w
| Disappears: 2m
296
Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Mild
2000-2500 gm
| 35-37 weeks
297
Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Moderate
1000-2000
| 29-35 weeks
298
Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Severe
<1000
| 24-28 weeks
299
Skin - Shiny and translucent
Very premature
300
Sudden twitching of all extremities
| Tremulousness of single extremities
NOT seizures
| Immature, poorly myelinated CNS
301
Single most devastating problem for premature baby
Intra-ventricular hemorrhage
| Apnea, cyanosis and autonomic instability
302
Seizures in NB
```
Sublte
Cyclic flexing of digit or extremity
Lip smacking
Repetitive mouthing movements
Yawning
Apnea
```
303
NB Blood pressure
Systolic
Diastolic
Mean
S 40-80
D 20-55
M 25-60
304
NB HR
90-160 (usually 120-140 term)
305
Single umbilical vessel associated with
Genito-urinary anomalies
306
Cardinal signs of intestinal obstruction
- Abdominal distension
- Failure to pass mecoium
- Bilious vomiting
307
Bruits heard in abdomen
Renal artery stenosis
308
High pitched bowel sounds
Mechanical obstruction
309
(-) Bowel sounds
Ileus
| Septicemia
310
Liver in neonate found __ to __ cm below costal margin
1-2cm
311
Hard or nodular liver
Intrinsic liver pathology
312
Firm or rubbery liver
Extrinsic pathology (CHF)
313
Splenic enlargement beyond ___ cm below L costal margin is abnormal
1cm
314
Separation of musculature of the abdomen at midline
Diastasis recti
| Associated w/circular umbilical hernia
315
Tufts of hair, pilonidal sinus, soft lumps may indicate
Spina bifida occulta
316
Male phallus at least __ cm in length
1cm
317
Urethral opening proximal to end of phallus
1'
2'
3'
Hypospadias
1' - Urethral opening on glans but proximal to tip
2' - Opening along shaft
3' Opening anywhere from perineum to base
318
Caudal curve of penis
Chordee
319
Unilaterally cyanotic scrotum shortly after birth
Intra-uterine testicular torsion
| Painless but can rarely be saved
320
Discharge from female NB
- White
- Blood tinged
Normal d/t hormones
321
Membrane at opening of vagina
Hydro-metro-colpos
322
Silk sign
INdirect hernia
323
Usual signs of indirect hernia in infants
- Male
- Female
Hydrocele
| Prominence of labia majora
324
MCC Ambiguous genitalia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
325
Ovarian enlargement in NB
Cyst
| Torsion
326
Uterine enlargement in NB
Hydro-metro-colpos
327
Fusion of digits
Syndactly
328
Unequal limb size is associated with
congenital malformations
Hemangiomas
Lymphangiomas
Intrauterine positional anomalies
329
Hip dislocation
Ortolani
Barlow
Asymmetry of gluteal folds
330
Optimal time to perform neurological examination
Prior to feeding
331
Frog-leg position
Hypotonic infants
| Normal in pre-mature
332
Disconjugate gaze is normal up to
6 months
| Esp immediately ff sleep
333
CN IX & X assessed by
Effective coordination of swallowing
334
Assessment of CN XII
Sucking and Milk expression
335
Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Moro
Appears 28w
Complete 32w
Disappears 4m
336
Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Palmar
Appears 28 (same as moro)
Developed by 32w
Disappears 2-3m
337
Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Tonic Neck/Fencing
Appears: 35w
Peak: 1m postnatal
Disappears: 6m
338
Reflexes
Appears:
Disappears:
Stepping (involuntary walking)
Appears 35-36w
| Disappears: 2m
339
Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Mild
2000-2500 gm
| 35-37 weeks
340
Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Moderate
1000-2000
| 29-35 weeks
341
Prematurity
Birthweight
Weeks Gestational Age
Severe
<1000
| 24-28 weeks
342
Skin - Shiny and translucent
Very premature
343
Sudden twitching of all extremities
| Tremulousness of single extremities
NOT seizures
| Immature, poorly myelinated CNS
344
Single most devastating problem for premature baby
Intra-ventricular hemorrhage
| Apnea, cyanosis and autonomic instability
345
Seizures in NB
```
Sublte
Cyclic flexing of digit or extremity
Lip smacking
Repetitive mouthing movements
Yawning
Apnea
```
