Pedia 3B - Applied Pulmonary Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
Cough - Dry
A
Pleurisy
Hacking - LTB
2
Q
Cough - Productive (2)
A
Pneumonia
TB
3
Q
Sputum - Purulent (2)
A
Lung abscess (also very bad smell; copious) Cystic Fibrosis
4
Q
Sputum - Frothy
A
Heart Disease
5
Q
Sputum - Copious
A
Lung Abscess (also very bad smell)
6
Q
Sputum - Blood tinged
A
Mitral stenosis
7
Q
Sputum - Greenish
A
Cystic Fibrosis
8
Q
Sputum - Frank blood
A
Hemoptysis
9
Q
Sputum - Very bad smell
A
Lung abscess (purulent; copious)
10
Q
Cough - Worse on lying down
A
Postnasal drip (also when sleeping/awakening)
11
Q
Cough - w/pain on chest
A
Pleurisy
12
Q
Cough - hoarse
A
laryngotracheobronchitis
13
Q
Cough - Whoop
A
Pertussis
14
Q
Cough - Aphonic
A
Vocal cord paralysis
15
Q
Cough - All day but only while awake
A
Habit
16
Q
Cough - Worse when asleep/awakening
A
Postnasal drip (also on lying down)
17
Q
Stridor (6)
A
Harsh High Pitch During or end of INspiration Narrowing of upper air passages LTB, Foreign bodies, Epiglottitis, Diphtheria, Vocal cord paralysis Snoring
18
Q
Snoring
A
stridor while asleep
19
Q
Noise at start of expiration
A
Grunt
20
Q
Rapid succession of short, sharp sounds
Usu. moribund/dying
D/t air going in/out thru pooled saliva
A
Rattle
21
Q
Harsh High Pitch During or end of INspiration Narrowing of upper air passages LTB, Foreign bodies, Epiglottitis, Diphtheria, Vocal cord paralysis Snoring
A
Stridor (6)
22
Q
Musical sound
Asthma
Heard w/o stethoscope
A
Wheeze
23
Q
Cyanosis - Definition
A
Bluish discoloration of skin & mucus membranes
24
Q
Rattle
A
Rapid succession of short, sharp sounds
Usu. moribund/dying
D/t air going in/out thru pooled saliva
25
Cough - Definition
Paroxysmal expiratory movements
26
Central Cyanosis - Definition
Generalized (inc. tongue)
| Ward extremities
27
Wheeze
Musical sound
Asthma
Heard w/o stethoscope
28
Absence of Clavicle
Cleido-cranial dysostosis
29
Pre-sternal edema
Mumps
30
Unilaterally prominent anterior chest
Cardiac Problems
Rib Abnormalities
Scoliosis
31
Hypo-plastic nipples
Down's
| Turner's
32
Super-numerary nipples
Renal abnormality
33
Shield chest
Turner's
34
Pectus excavatum
Congenital anomaly,
Chronic nasal obstruction
- adenoidal hypertrophy
35
Pigeon Breast
Normal
Pectus carinatum
Rickets
Osteomalacia
36
Costo-condral swelling
Rickets
| Rachitic
37
Deep groove along lower ribs
Normal (esp in premature)
Harrison's Sulcus (if late)
- Rickets
- COPD
38
(-) Pectoralis major
| - Unilateral Flattened Chest
(-) Nipple
(-) Breast
Pleural herniation
39
Sprengel's Deformity
HIGH Scapula
| Lower angle to the spine
40
Paroxysmal
- Dx Test
- Abd on INSP
- Abd on EXP
- Dse
- Requires fluoroscopy
- Abd flattens on INSP
- Abd bulges on EXP
- Diaphragmatic Paralysis (Congen, Poliomyelitis)
- Pneumothorax
41
Non-Paroxysmal
- Dx Test
- Abd on INSP
- Abd on EXP
- Dse
Chest and Abd move
Abd more visible
- Abd bulges on INSP
= Thorax moves up and out (chest exp)
- Abd Flattens on EXP
= Thorax resting
Dse: Normal
42
DEC Fremitus
FACE P
- FBO (Bronchus)
- Atelectasis
- Collapsed lung
- Effusion
- Pneumothorax
43
INC Fremitus
CPC
- Consolidation
- Pneumonia
- Cavity (large)
44
Breaths/Minute (Tachycardia)
```
0-2m 30-50 (60)
2-12m 20-30 (50)
1-5y 20-30 (40)
6-12y 15-20 (30)
12-18y 12-16 (24)
```
45
INSP
| Upper Obstruction
Croup
| Diptheria
46
EXP
| Airway Obstruction
Bronchial Asthma
47
Tracheal Deviation
Right -
Ipsilateral -
Contralateral -
```
Tracheal Deviation
EXCLUDE SCOLIOSIS FIRST
R - Normal
Ipsi- Fibrosis & Collapse
Contra - Pneumothorax & Effusion
```
48
Tracheal Notch
- Shallow, Supra-sternal -
- Deep, supra-sternal -
Tracheal Notch
- Shallow, Supra-sternal - Ant displacement, Mediastinitis
- Deep, supra-sternal - MASS
49
Tracheal Movement
| - Pendular
Tracheal Movement
- Pendular
= Obstruction of large bronchus
= Large pneumothorax
50
Tracheal Movement
| - Rhonchus/Thud
Tracheal or Laryngeal Obstruction
51
Asymmetry of chest excursion
Effusion
Collapse
Consolidation
52
Normal Chest Circumference
Birth 33 +/-3
1 year 48 +/-3
3 Years 52 (50-56)
53
Head>Chest:
Chest
Head>Chest: first 9-12 months (or 6 months, depending on chapter)
Chest
54
Persistent infantile head:chest proportion
Hydrocephalus
55
Small thoracic Cage
Ellis Van Crivald
56
Oval Chest seen after _____ year
After 2 years
57
Breathing Movement
| - After 4-5 years
Intercostal
58
Breathing - Splinting
INC ICP
Pleural irritation
CNS irritation
59
Breathing - Short Grunt on EXP
Painful condition
60
Breath Sounds - INCREASED
Broncho-pneumonia
Collapse of lung
FBO
(Anything that DEC air entry)
61
Breath Sounds - DECREASED
Fibrosis
Thickened Pleura
Pleural Effusion
Pneumothorax
62
Crunching sound over chest, near pericardium
Pneumothorax
63
INSP Wheeze
Croup
64
EXP Wheeze
Asthma
65
End INSP crackles
Profuse
Best heard when sitting
Restrictive lung disease
66
EARLY INSP Crackles
Lower chest
Any position
Airway Obstruction
67
Wheeze - HIGH pitch
| Whistling
Asthma (also expiratory)
68
Wheeze - LOW pitch
| Snoring
Emphysema
69
Discontinuous, interrupted
Rales
Crepitations
Crackles
70
Adventitious
- Continuous
- UN-interrupted
Wheeze
| Rhonchus
71
Vocal Resonance - INC
```
PCPC
Consolidation
Lobar Pneumonia
Cavity (Large, TB)
Pleural effusion
```
72
Vocal Resonance - DECREASED
```
FBO
Emphysema
Pleural Effusion
Pleural Thickening
Pneumothorax
```
73
Tugging Sound in Trachea
FB
74
Percussion - DULL
Heart
Lung
```
Effusion
Consolidation
Fibrosis
Collapse
Pleural Thickening
```
75
Percussion - Resonant
Lungs
76
Percussion - HYPER-resonant
Lung of infants
Thin chest wall
Emphysema (asthmatic)
Pneumothorax
77
Percussion - Tympanic
Stomach
78
Resonance - INC
Whispered Pectorilloquy
| Bronchophony
79
Sternal Tenderness -
Leukemia?
80
Cold - Clear
Viral
Allergy
LATE bacterial
81
Cold - Green (hilog)
Bacterial
| LATE Viral
82
Cold - Unilateral, foul, persistent
FB
| Polyp
83
Cold - Blood tinged
Nose picking
Allergic rhinitis w epistaxis
Pliable Kesselbach's
84
Upon waking =
Allergic usually
85
Cold - Immunizations to ask
```
HiB
Flu
Pneumococcal
BCG
DPT
Influenza
```
86
Cough - Dry
Pleursy
| Dry Hacking - LTB
87
Cough - Paroxysmal
| Pertussoid
```
Cough Cough Cough Whoop
High Pitch
Loud Insp
Pale
Cyanosis
NO Inhalation between
```
88
```
Cough - (Pertussoid or Staccato)
Cough Cough Cough Whoop
High Pitch
Loud Insp
Pale
Cyanosis
NO Inhalation between
```
Pertussoid
89
Cough - Staccato
inspiration in between cough
--> cough-inspiration-cough-inspiration •
Heard in atypical pneumonia (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Adenovirus
90
Cough
Inspiration in between cough
--> cough-inspiration-cough-inspiration •
Heard in atypical pneumonia (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Adenovirus
Paroxysmal Staccato
91
Rickets
Scurvy
* Costochondral swelling
* Scorbutic: sharp angle
* Rickets: obtuse angle
Rosary Beads
92
Rosary Beads description
Rickets
Scurvy
* Costochondral swelling
* Scorbutic: sharp angle
* Rickets: obtuse angle
93
Crackles - Late INSP
ILD
| Pneumonia
94
Crackles - Early INSP
Asthma
| Bronchitis
95
Crackles - Mid-INSP
Bronchiectasis
96
Crackles - Implications (4)
Inflammation
Edema
Infection
CHF
97
Wheeze - HIGH Pitch
Asthma (also expiratory)
98
Wheeze - Low Pitch
Emphysema
99
Wheeze - Expiratory
Asthma (also HIGH pitch)
Most wheezes are expiratory
100
Wheeze - Late INSP
Croup
101
Wheeze - Implications (5)
- Obstructive airway disease
- Occlusion of bronchus
- CHF
Diff by tapping/physiotherapy
- if clears wheeze – likely infectious
- If localized – Mass
102
* Vary a lot, difficult to identify
* Coarser, lower pitch, snoring or moaning quality, continuous, usu superimposed on a vesicular breath sound
* Also d/t narrowing
* Bronchial secretions in the large airways
* Occult neoplasm (esp localized)
* Clear when you cough/tap
Rhonchi
103
Rhonchi
```
• Vary a lot, difficult to identify
• Coarser,
- Lower pitch,
- Snoring or moaning quality,
- Continuous,
- Usu superimposed on a vesicular breath sound
• Also d/t narrowing
```
* Bronchial secretions in the large airways
* Occult neoplasm (esp localized)
* Clear when you cough/tap
104
• Rubbery, grating sound produced by friction of pleural surface • Palpable, bilateral, do not clear w/cough
- INSP and EXP
-
Pleural Rub
105
Physiologic PEEP,
Raises functional residual capacity by closing glottis at the end of expiration
- Pulm Pathology
- Mod-Severe Resp. distress (Very ominous)
Grunt
106
Mono: Usually I
- INSP - Usu obstruction above glottis
- EXP - usu obstruction intrathoracic
- Bi: - obstruction in area btwn glottis and subglottis
Stridor
107
Vomit after coughing
Post-tussive
108
Vomit after eating
Non-respiratory
109
Cough - Barking
Croup
| Epiglottitis
110
Laryngomalacia is physiologic up to
18 months
111
MC sign of DOB
Tachypnea
112
Alar flaring is (early/late?) sign of Resp. distress
LATE
113
Cessation of normal breathing > 10 sec
w/o cyanosis and
w/o any sign and symptoms
Periodic breathing
114
Head _______ is synchronous with respiration
Head _______ is synchronous with cardiac rate
Bobbing
Nodding
115
Intercostal retractions best seen in the _______ portion
Posterior
116
Rosary + Obtuse angle
Rickets
117
Rosary + Sharp angle
Scorbutic
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