Pediatric cardiopulm Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Pediatric cardiopulm Deck (32)
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1
Q

Acyanotic Lesions

A

increase pulmonary blood flow and fully oxygenated blood is shunted back into the lungs as well as to the body, left to right shunting

2
Q

Symptoms of acyanotic lesions:

A

sweating, increased RR, HF

3
Q

Most common problem in acyanotic lesions:

A

low partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) to periphery, low systemic SV and increased work on the heart

4
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

A

most commonly caused by a patent (open) foramen ovale, hole in atrial wall that usually closes after birth

5
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A

o often associated with prematurity or Down syndrome, too much blood may enter the lungs

6
Q

Symptoms of Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A

♣ tachycardia, increased respiratory distress, poor weight gain

7
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

A

one or more small openings in the wall separating the ventricles, may lead to bacterial endocarditis, pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, aortic regurgitation, increased incidence of lower respiratory tract infections, or CHF

8
Q

Symptoms of ventricular septal defect:

A

♣ feeding problems, poor weight gain, restlessness, rapid breathing, irritability

9
Q

Atrioventricular Septal Defects

A

may involve failure of formation of any or all endocardial cushions

10
Q

Symptoms of Atrioventricular Septal Defects

A

pulmonary HTN, lung congestion, HF

11
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

A

o obstruction of L ventricular outflow because of a narrowing of the aorta

12
Q

Cyanotic Lesions involve right to left shunting

A

o involves right to left shunting
most of the blood bypasses the lungs
o decreased arterial oxygen saturation occurs as unoxygenated blood is returned to the body
o the body signals increased RBC formation because of the decreased arterial oxygen saturation levels and polycythemia results
o the body is at risk for cerebrovascular insult

13
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

o pulmonary stenosis, VSD, overriding aorta, R ventricular hypertrophy

14
Q

Hypoplastic Left-Heart Syndrome

A

underdeveloped L ventricle, aortic and mitral valve stenosis or atresia (complete closure), coarctation of the aorta

15
Q

Transposition of the Great Arteries

A

pulmonary artery leaving the L ventricle and the aorta exiting the R ventricle with no communication between the systemic and pulmonary crculations

16
Q

Tricuspid Atresia

A

tricuspid valve is either not open or absent, obstruction of blood flow into the right enticle and the right ventricle is frequently underdeveloped

17
Q

Pulmonary Atresia

A

pulmonary valve fails to develop, obstruction of blood from the R side of the heart to the lungs

18
Q

Truncus Arteriosus

A

normal separation of the aorta and main pulmonary artery do not occur during fetal development

19
Q

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

A

pulmonary veins attach to the R atrium or to other veins that drain into the R atrium

20
Q

Apnea of prematurity

A

cessation of breathing for 20 seconds or longer

21
Q

• Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

A

o Chronic respiratory disorder characterized by scarring of lung tissue, thickened pulmonary arterial walls, mismatched between lung ventilation and perfusion
o Persistence of respiratory symptoms after 1 month, abnormal radiographic findings, dependence on supplemental O2
o Mechanical ventilation is etiological factor

22
Q

0-3 months shape of thorax and direction of ribs

A

triangular

horizontal

23
Q

3-6 months months shape of thorax and direction of ribs

A

rectangular

horizontal

24
Q

6-12 months months shape of thorax and direction of ribs

A

rectangular

angled downward

25
Q

0-3 months primary muscles used for inspiration

A

diaphragm

26
Q

3-6 months primary muscles used for inspiration

A

diaphragm and acces. muscles

27
Q

6-12 months primary muscles used for inspiration

A

diaphragm and intercostals

28
Q

When is there no activation of accessory muscles during quiet breathing?

A

around 2 years

29
Q

High-frequency chest wall oscillation

A

o Patient dons a vest that contains an air bladder; generator that attaches to vest; uses air to inflate the vest, then provide high-frequency bursts of air

30
Q

Absolute contraindication to high frequency chest wall oscillation:

A

unstable head, neck, rib cage, back injury, active hemorrhage

31
Q

Relative contraindications to high frequency chest wall oscillation:

A

subcutaneous emphysema, recent epidural spinal infusion, recent skin grafts, burns, open wounds, transvenous pacemaker, suspected pulmonary TB, lung contusion, bronchospasm, complaint of chest wall pain

32
Q

When to stop exercise in children:

A
chest pain or discomfort
RPE greater than 17
dyspnea of 4
dizziness
visual changes
pale or ashen
new onset joint pain
HR greater than 80% man
O2 below 90%