Lesson 1 Flashcards
(51 cards)
Three parts of sternum:
manubrium, body, xiphoid
Angle of Louis
sternal angle
level of bifurcation of trachea
Provides pump-handle action of sternal body during inspiration
True ribs
ribs 1 to 7 (vertebrosternal ribs)
False ribs:
Ribs 11 to 12 (vertebral) – only vertebral attachment, “floating ribs”
Muscles of Inspiration:
Diaphragm + External Intercostal Ms + Accessory Ms
Muscles of Expiration:
Abdominal Ms + Internal Intercostal Ms (forceful expiration)
Accessory muscles of ventilation:
sternocleidomastoid, scalene, upper trapezius, pectoralis major/minor, serratus anterior, rhomboids, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior superior, thoracic erector spinae
Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose
Pharynx – naso, oro, laryngo
Larynx
Lower Respiratory Tract
Tracheobronchial Tree – conducting airways Trachea Main stem/lobar bronchi Segmental/subsegmental bronchi Terminal respiratory (Acinar) units
Hilius
point at which the nerves, vessels, and primary bronchi penetrate the parenchyma
Conducting airways or Conducting Zone or Tracheobronchial Tree
Trachea
Main stem/lobar bronchi
Segmental/subsegmental bronchi
Acinar/terminal respiratory units or Respiratory Zone
Respiratory bronicoles
Alveolar ducts
Alveoli – the functional unit
Parasympathetic control of lungs:
bronchial constriction, dilation of pulmonary smooth ms
Sympathetic control of lungs:
bronchial dilation and slight vasoconstriction
Tidal volume
350-500 mL
volume of air normally inhaled and exhaled with each breath during quiet breathing
Minute ventilation
ventilatory rate × tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV):
additional volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond normal tidal inhalation
(3000mL)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):
additional volume of air that can be let out beyond normal tidal exhalation (1100mL)
Residual Volume (RV):
volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forceful expiratory effort
(1200mL)
Inspiratory Capacity (IC):
sum of the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volumes
maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after normal tidal exhalation
(3500mL)
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC):
sum of the expiratory reserve and residual volume
Amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of normal tidal exhalation
(2300mL)
What does functional residual capacity represent?
the point at which the forces tending to collapse lungs are balanced against the forces tending to expand chest wall
Vital Capacity (VC):
sum of the inspiratory reserve, tidal, and expiratory reserve volumes
Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximum inhalation
(4600mL)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC):
maximum volume to which lungs can be expanded
Sum of all the pulmonary volumes
(5800 mL)
