Pediatric hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia

Question 1

What is the definition of hypoglycemia?

Answer 1

Blood glucose level below 60 mg/deciliter with an altered level of consciousness

Question 2

What is the acceptable range of glucose that can be administered orally?

Answer 2

5 to 45 g. It can be diluted in liquid to make it more palatable for the patient.

Question 3

What steps should be taken if blood glucose is greater than 300 (hyperglycemia) mg/DL?

Answer 3

Cardiac monitoring, fluid resuscitation (hold for signs of pulmonary edema), fluid bolus administration of 20 mL/kilogram repeat up to three times to a max of 60 mL/kilogram.

Question 4

What is the concentration and dose of dextrose for hypoglycemia?

Answer 4

D10- 5 mL/kilogram slow IV push. Repeat as necessary every five minutes.

Question 5

What is the dose and route for glucagon?

Answer 5

.02 mg/kilograms to a max of 1 mg. Only to be used if no IV access can be obtained.

Question 6

What are the major causes of altered mental status in pediatrics?

Answer 6

Stroke
Close head injury
Sepsis
Overdose/medication error

Question 7

What ages of diabetics are most difficult to regulate?

Answer 7

People younger than 12 or older than 65