Pediatric Infectious Disease Flashcards

Question

Congenital Rubella symptoms

Answer 1

Congenital Rubella - mom gets infected while pregnant - severity of symptoms depends on gestational age Symtpoms - microcephaly - cataracts - heart defects - deafness - premature - LBW - death

Answer 2

Diagnosis - IgM antibodies: within first few days via **serum or saliva** - mostly detectable; best detected by day4-5 - reportable disease: CDC needs IgG Treatment - symptomatic: isolation for 7 days after rash begins - antipyreics - oral fluids Rash starts: they're contagous: rash goes away in 1 week: not contagenous

Answer 3

Rosela - HHV-6 Symptoms - **very very high fever: 103/104/105** - can be a cause of infantile seizures - fever will GO away - then rash will BEGIN rash: maculopapular - begins on neck and trunk --> face --> extermities - not really itchy Diagnosis - clinical Treatment - symptomatic

Answer 4

HFM disease Etiology - coxackievirus - fecal-oral transmission or secretions - 3-5 days incubation Symptoms - sore throat: wont eat! Rash - macular, maculopapular or vesicualr - **nonpuritic or painful!** - rash in oral mucosal: in the buccal areas - rash on hands and feet Treatment - symptomatic

Answer 5

Impetigo: Etiology - superfiscial **bacterial infection** - 2-5 year olds: common - due to close contact - warm, humid conditions - **Group A strep & Staph** Symptoms - "honey crusted lesions" 3 types - non-bullous - ecthyma - bullous

Answer 6

non-bullous - **most common** - papules that progress to vesicles with errythema - vseicles enlarge and become thickened and crust with golden color - takes 1 week to progress - **usually on face and extermities** Ecthyma - **ulcerative formation** - deep into dermis - **punched out ulcers** with yellow crust Bullous - in younger kids - vesicules enlarge to create flaccid bullae, clear/yellow fluid inside them - darker/turbid coloring later on - **trunk most often effected** - **staph aureus**

Answer 7

Diagnosis - gram stain and culture: to find GAS or staph Treatment topical: for skin involvement = **mupriocin** or retapamulin oral treatment: for lost of lesions & for **ecthyma** cephalexin and dicloxacillin

Answer 8

Etiology - a staph infection in which the strain of staph produces **exotoxins**: - toxin A and B: cleave the proteins in teh skin needed to adhese the superfisical skin to dermis: peeling skin off Symptoms - skin fragility: **extremely painful condition** - superfisical blister and erosions of the blisters - reddness in the skin folds first: progressiong to desquamation and erosion - **no muscoal involvment** - fever, irritability and poor feeding

Answer 9

Diagnosis - clinical diagnosis: see rapid progression of redness in skin folds to the peeling - bacterial culutres cna be send to confrim staph aureus and guide treatment Treatment - admit these kiddos - IV abx. **nafcillin or oxacillin** : trasnfer to oral when clincially improving - IV hydration - gentle skin care: no baths, use vasoline and nonadhearnt dressing - tylenol or motrin if > 6 months -

Answer 10

Tinea capitis - tinea (fungal) infection on the scalp - trichophyton tonsurans and microspor. canis - symptoms: thickened, broken-off hairs & scalding of scalp : red-scaley lesions - dx: fungal culture - **treatment: oral griseofulvin and terbinafine** **culutre hair every 4 weeks until negative** Tinea Corporis - tinea (fungal) on the body - annualr marginated plauques: thin scale on peripheary with clear center OR can be annualr confluent dermatitis - dx: fungal culutre - treatment: topical antifungal

Answer 11

Tinea Cruris - fungal infection in teh skin folds/inguinal areas - fungus: t rubrum, mentagrphytes, floccosum - symmetrical, sharply marginated lesions in inguinal Tinea Pedia "athletes foot" - t rubrum or mentagrpphyes - red scales on soles of foot, between toes, can create cracks treatment - treat both of these with topicals - topical fungal creams

Answer 12

Tinea Unguium : tinea of the nail - see oncyholysis: separation of the nail from the bed, yellow discoloration and thickeing of the nail which crumbles too - t rubrum: fungal infection - **commonly 1-2 nails** NOT all dx: confirm with KOH and fungal culture treatment - terbinafine oral - can use itraconazole in pulse therapy

Answer 13

Tinea Versicolor - superfiscial infection: malessizia globosa - yeast: like function Symptoms - areas of hypopigmented skin macules: very fine scales - located where the sun hits the most - winter time: macules appear red-brown Treatment - **selenium sulfide** left on overnight - zinc pyrithoine shampoo left on overnight *repeat 1 week later or monthly* - topical antifungals

Answer 14

Candida albicans = yeast infection - diaper dermatitis - oral thrush: thick, white patches in oral mucosa - perleche: fissures at the mouth angles - chronic paronychia: nail plate candida Candida dermatitis: diaper rash - sharp, demarkated areas of red platches in moist areas - more common after abx. use in kids Treatments - topic **imidazole cream** for diaper - **nystain** for oral thrush - antifungal angets on the naisl left on overnight

Answer 15

Molluscum Contagiosum - poxvirus symptoms -proliferates the epidermis pale, papules which form as flesh colored with umbilcated come in groups will NOT be red treatment - monitor, they will resolve over months/years

Answer 16

Scabies - mites which grow and burrow in skin Symptoms - linear burrows seen in the ankels, finger webs, areoals, axillary folds, gentials and face - scratch marks - itchy!!!! - honey crusted color - pustules if secondary infection Diagnosis - ID the female mite/egg/feces via microscope from unscratched area or under nail Treatment **permithrin** from neck down (can use on face in infacnts if scabies there) **give to household contacts**

Answer 17

Lice - itchy papules and pusules with severe **nighttime itching** To Note - lice on teh body cnanot be seen: can be seen on clohtes - they are tight within teh hair - crawl on pubic hairs or see blue/black macules on pubis or eyelashes of newborns Treatment - **OTC permethrin** with manual removal - malathoin: can kill the eggs - ivermetcin/spinosad: topicals which you dont need to then manually remove the live

Answer 18

remove clothing ebfore application - do not use conditioner before: do no wash hair for 1-2 days after application - put on clean clothes: recheck for lice in 8-12 hours - onlt reapply if you see lice still moving - comb dead lice out - if you apply, and no dead lice seen: come back to get rx. treatment recehck Q2-3 days to ensure lice and nits are gone for clothing and sheet: they will dei if in hot water or tie off in bag for 2 weeks to suffocate

Pediatric Infectious Disease Flashcards

(42 cards)