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Clin Med IV: Pediatrics > Pediatric Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Pediatric Infectious Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of conjunctivitis

A

Bacterial
viral
or allergic

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2
Q

what is the presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

erythema, cehmosis, itching, burning, mucopurulent exudate, matter in eyelashes

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

what is the presentation of viral conjunctivitis

A

erythema, chemosis, tearing (bilateral); HSV unilateral photophobia, fever, nose lesions

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5
Q

What is the presentation of allergic conjunctivitis

A

stringy mucoid exudate, swollen eyelids and conjunctiva, itching, tearing, headache, rhinitis

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6
Q

what is the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

erythromycin ointment or polymixin B/trimethorpim
warm soaks, no sharing towels or pillows/stress hygiene

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7
Q

What is the treatment of viral conjunctivitis

A

refer to ophthalmologist if HSV, otherwise cool compressess, supportive, hygiene

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8
Q

what is the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

A

allergy referral if needed

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9
Q

What is the presentation of peri/orbital cellulitis

A

fever, swelling and erythema of surrounding tissues, deep red color of eyelid
proptosis, eye pain, decreased visition, limited extraocular motility think orbital cellulitis

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10
Q

what is the etiology of peri/orbital cellulitis

A

S. aureus
H. influenza
m. catarrhalis

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11
Q

What is the treatment of peri/orbital cellulitis

A

CBC with diff, EOMI, PERRLA
if even remotely thinking orbital cellulitis: CT scan
admission and IV antibiotics
if periorbital: augmentin (90mg/kg/day, BID)

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12
Q

What can cause otitis externa

A

retained moisure: penduomonas, s. aureus, eczema, weborrhea, psoriasis

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13
Q

What is the treatment of otitits externa

A

antimicrobial +/- steroid
cortisporin 2gtts in ear every 3-4 hours for 5-7 days
Floxin 5gtts in affected ear BID for 7 days

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14
Q

what is the etiology of otitis media

A

S.pneumonia, H. infleunza, M. catarrhalis

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15
Q

What are the causes of otitis media

A

Virual URI
Bacterial URI
allergic rhinitis
Eustachian tube dysfunction/anatomic

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16
Q

what are the symptoms of otitis media

A

ear pain
hearing loss
fever?
drainage?

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17
Q

What is the treatment of otitis media

A

pain management
watchful waiting?
antibacterial therapy: amox 90mg/kg/day, BID

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18
Q

What is the treatment of non-allergic rhinitis

A

nasal sprays

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19
Q

what is the treatment of viral rhinitis

A

nasal saline, steam?

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20
Q

What are the clinical findings with influenza

A

sudden onset high fever (102-106)
headache, chills, coryxa
vertigo, sore throat, body aches, cough

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21
Q

what is the treatment of influenza

A

supportive, treat high risk with anti-virals (immunocompromised, asthmatic, chronic illness, age 6mo - 6 years)
-tamiflu

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22
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of sinusitis

A

persistent nasal congestion, without improvemement after 10 days
severe and worsening symptoms

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23
Q

what is the etiology of sinusitis

A

98% is viral
10 days
fever
unremitting headache
gravity tests

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24
Q

What is the treatment of sinusitis

A

amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanate 90mg/kg/day, usually BID

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25
what are risk factors for thrush
common in first weeks of life, inhaled steroids, HIV infection, recent abx
26
What is the treatment of thrush
oral nystatin (sterilize pacifiers, nipples, toys, etc)
27
what is the etiology of gingivostomatitis
herpes virus - 1
28
what is the clinical manifestation of gingivostomatitis
very sick, highly infectious 10+ ulcers of bucal mucoas, lips, tongue may have fever, tender cervical nodes, inflammation
29
what is the treatment of gingivostomatitis
symtpomatic if seen within 72 hours of onset: acyclovir, "magic mouthwash"
30
What is the etiology of bacterial pharyngitis
GAS mycoplasma pneumonia chlamydia pneumoia, groups C and G strep
31
32
what is the clinical manifestation of bacterial pharyngitis
tender anterior cervical nodes, palatial petechiae, beefy-red uvula, tonsillar exudate
33
what is the treatment of bacterial pharyngitis
amox 90mg/day BID/TID x 10 days
34
What is the centor criteria
used for bacterial pharyngitis -adenopathy, tonsillar exudates, absence of cough, fever
35
36
What are complications of bacterial pharyngitis
rheumatic fever glomerulonephritis lemierre syndrome tonsillar abscess
37
What is the etiology of peritonsillar cellulitis/tonsillitis
GAS S.pneumo h.flu m.cat
38
what is the clinical manifestation of peritonsillar cellulitis/tonsillitis
high fever, unilateral, tonsil bulges medially, soft palate and uvula edematous, displaced toward involved side, possible trismus
39
what is the treatment of peritonsillar cellulitis/tonsillitis
usually start with IV or oral abx for 12-24 hours EENT or ED referral for drainage if no improvement or worse
40
what is the cause of mononucleuosis
epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
41
what is the highest incidence population for mono
15yo - 25 yo
42
what is the complications of mono
splenic rupture, hepatitis
43
what is the treatment of mono
supportive: ibuprofen/acetaminophen for fevers steroids (controversal) soft diet, liquids no contact sports or activites rest
44
what is croup
acute inflammaotry disease of larynx -viral (RSV, influenza, adenovirus, mycoplasma pneumonia)
45
46
what are the clinical findings of Croup
barking cough, stridor, low grade fever, cough, drooling
47
what is the treatment of Croup
dexamethasone 0.15-0.6 mg/kg PO max 10mg as one-time dose nebulized racemic epinepherine fluids, warm, moist air
48
What are the 4D's of epiglottitis
Drooling - Dysphagia- Dysphonia - Distressed Respiratory efforts
49
what is the treatment of epiglottitis
Intubation, IV antibiotics
50
what is "hands, foot and mouth disease"
Coxackie virus
51
52
what is the treatment of coxsackie
supportive
53
what is the prodrome for rubeola (measles)
fever malaise and anorexia; followe by cough, coryza and conjunctivitis
54
What is the treatment of rubeola (measles)
supportive control of spread (vaccinate)
55
what is the vaccination for rubeola (measles)
2 shot series (MMR) 12-15 months before school (4-6 years old)
56
what is the presentation of mumps
low grade fever malaise headache anorexia myalgia parotitis 48 hours later
57
what are the complications of mumps
meningitis encephalitis orchitits
58
what is the treatment of mumps
supportive, analgesic, bed rest for orchitis isolate until parotitis is gone vaccinate
59
What is the presentation of rubella (german measles)
acute onset maculopapular rash on face. spreads rapidly down body may have fever, lymphadenopathy 1-5 days prior
60
what is the treatment of rubella (german measles)
supportive
61
what is the presentation of roseola infantum
presents in 3-5 days of high fever followed by maculopapular rash on trunk, spreading to extremities, neck and face as fever resolves may have associated febrile seizures
62
how is rotavirus transmitted
fecal-oral route peaks in winter months, 3-15 months of age
63
what is the presentation of rotavirus
vomiting followed by diarrhea that lasts about 4-8 days
64
what is the treatment of rotavirus
fluid replacement, anti-diarrheal meds are ineffective
65
how is rotavirus prevented
hygiene, vaccination
66
what is the presentation of viral gastroenteritis
like rotavirus, but not seasonal, duration may be longer abdominal findings mostely benign; ~hyperactivity but no tenderness, no HSM norwalk causes more vomitting than diarrhea
67
what is the treatment of viral gastroenteritis
supportive esp fluids
68
69
what is the presentation of Hep A
significant GI upset (anorexia, v/d) jaundice liver tenderness and enlargement incubation period 15-40 days, jaundice 5-10 days after initial symptoms
70
what is the treatment of Hep A
supportive
71
what is the prevention of Hep A
immunization, immune globulin if given within 1-2 weeks of exposure
72
what is the presentation of pinworms
intense perianal itching overnight
73
what is the diagnostic test for pinworms
"scotch tape test" in the morning before defecation/washing
74
what is the treatment of pinworms
mebendazole 100mg once PO, repeat in 2 weeks wash linens Treat entire house
75
what is the presentation Kawasaki disease
high fever, conjunctivitis, mucositis, rash, extremity changes, lymphadenopathy, cardiovascular inflammation
76
what is the treatment of Kawasaki disease
IV IG and aspirin echocardiogram: done early acute phase and again 6-8weeks later
77
what is the presentation of rabies
drooling, seizures, signs of CNS dysfunction universally fatal once symptoms occur
78
what is the treatment of a suspected contact with rabies
one dose immune globulin, series of rabies vaccine over a 2 week period (Pediatric ID)
79
what is Varicella
highly contageous herpes family virus chickenpox is the primary illness (globar rash vs dermatomal)
80
what is the presentation of varicella
prodrome: low grade fever, HA, bachache, URI; 1-2 days prior to onset of rash Rash: begins on face, scalp or trunk, scabs from 5-20 days
81
what is the treatment of varicella
supportive, PCN for bacterial superinfection, VZ IG if immunocompromised
82
what is erythmea infectiosum
parvovirus B19 mild flu-like symptoms followed by rash 10 days later "slapped-cheek", lacey-like pattern
83
what is the treatment of erythema infectiosum
supportive avoid pregnant females
84
what is molluscum
poxavirus (soil virus) umbilicated, white or whitish-yellow papules in groups
85
what is the treatment of molluscum
imiquimod, cantharidin, curettage, oral cimetidine, liquid nitrogen
86
what is christmas tree with preceding herald patch
pityriasis rosea
87
what is a fungus on head, groin, body or feet
tinea ("ringworm")
88
What is Henoch-Schonlein purpura (igA vasculitis)
inflammation and bleeding of small vessels in joints, intestine and kidneys usually resulting form autoimmune response - preceding URI, allergic reaction, med, injury or cold weather response
89
what is the treatment of Henoch-Schonlein purpura
steroids (heme consult)
90
What is ITP
idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura usual preceding viral illness; immune system now attacks own plateelts
91
what is the treatment of ITP
usu. resolves spontaneously, may need steroids, rare splenecomy; heme consult

Clin Med IV: Pediatrics (16 decks)

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