Pediatrics- Complications of Infants Flashcards by Alyssa Reardon

What is phenylketonuria

PKU is an inherited metabolic disorder in which the newborn likes the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

This enzyme converts phenylanine and essential amino acid into Trysonie

The lack of this enzyme leads to the accumulation of phenylaline in the newborns, bloodstream and tissues, which causes cognitive impairment

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What is the key prevention of PKU in newborns?

Identification of clients in the reproductive years, who have disorder mess it here, to strict dietary guidelines from three months before conception throughout pregnancy

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How often do patients with KPK you have to get there phenylalanine levels monitored

1 to 2 times per week throughout pregnancy

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Who gets screen for PKU?

All newborns buy bullets brought protein usually within the first two days of birth

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Expected findings in a newborn with PKU

Growth failure
Frequent vomiting
Irritability
Musty odor in urine
Blue eyes very fair skin light blonde hair

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When is the blood spot analysis performed to check for PKU?

After the newborn has ingested, a source of protein, usually within two days of birth

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What is nursing care of PKU?

Focuses on dietary intake
Dietary restrictions, as soon as PKU was diagnosed, or within 7 to 10 days of birth
Please patient on formula low in phenylalanine
Breast feed contains enzyme so I might not be possible

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What should be the intake for a newborn with PKU?

20 to 30 mg phenylalanine per kilogram of body weight per day

Call is level between two and eight

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What are complications of PKU?

Cognitive impairment
Hyper activity with erratic behavior
Bizarre behavior
Headbanging
Arm biting
Spasticity

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What is meningocele/ myelomenigiocele

Spina bifida,
Neural tube defects that are present at birth in affect the CNS and spine

Occur when neural tube fails to close during the third and fourth week of embryonic development

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What is meningiocele

Protrusion of saclike says that contains meninges in spinal fluid

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What is myelomenigiocele

Upper Tution of saclike says that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord and nerves

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What allergy do you have to assess for in spina bifida

Latex

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What are manifestations of increased intracranial pressure

Hi bitch cry
Lethargic
Vomiting
Bothering fontanelles
Widen, cranial, suture lines
Increase head circumference

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What is necrotizing enterocolitis?

An inflammatory disease of the G.I. Makossa caused by a Soumia or hypoxia. She may result in death of mucosal sell, leading to necrotic patches that interfere with digestion.

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Respecters for necrotizing enterocolitis

Prematurity
Respiratory distress
Intrauterine growth restriction
Receiving internal feeds
G.I. vascular compromise

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Physical assessment of a patient with necrotizing enterocolitis

Abdominal distention
Bloody stools
Periods of apnea
Hypotension
Poor feeding

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What is a diagnostic procedure for necrotizing enterocolitis?

Abdominal x-rays
Look for sausage shaped dilation of intestine
Characterize soapsuds appearance of intestinal wall due to air infiltration
Free air and abdominal cavity, if perforation has occurred

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Nursing care for a patient with necrotizing enterocolitis

Prevention with hold feedings for 24 to 48 hours
Discontinue all feedings
Insert NG tube
Measure abdominal girth
Scereal abdominal x-rays
Removal of necrotize portion of bowel
Temporary colostomy

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What is respiratory distress syndrome?

Results of surfactant deficiency in the lungs, characterized by pour gas exchange, and ventiltory failure

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What does surfactant

Phospholipid that assist in Alviola expansion keeps alveoli from collapsing and allows Gas exchange to occur

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What is atelectasis?

Collapsing a portion of the lungs

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Risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome

Study These Flashcards

Premature
Meconium staining
Cord prolapse
Nuchal cord
Maternal diabetes mellitus
Premature rupture of membranes
Cold stress

Expected findings in respiratory distress syndrome

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Tachypnea
Nasal flaring
Gruntin
Retractions
Fine crackles

Nursing care for respiratory distress syndrome

Suction the newborn smell trachea nose Maintain thermoregulation Provide mouth and skin care

What is beeactant piracy at Alfa and calfactant

Long surfactant

What is congenital hypothyroidism?

Occurs due to an absent or non-functioning thyroid gland

When will findings occur in congenital hypothyroidism

Three months in a formula, fed infant Six months in a breast-fed infants

Risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism

Females Low birthweight Maternal low iodine levels

Physical assessment for congenital hypothyroidism

Sleeping excessively Enlarged tongue Poor, sucking Cool dry skin on extremities Subnormal temperature Short, thick neck

Nursing care for a patient with congenital hypothyroidism

Assess feeding difficulties Treatment is administration of synthetic thyroid hormone Medication must be taken in definitely Supplemental vitamin D to support rapid bone growth

What is substance exposed infants?

Maternal substance use during pregnancy consist of any use of alcohol or drugs, intrauterine drug exposure can cause withdrawal in the neonate

What is hyperbilirubinemia

Elevation of blood bilirubin levels resulting in jaundice

What is psychological jaundice?

Considered benign from normal newborn physiology of increase Billy Rubin production, due to shorten lifespan, in breakdown of fetal RBCs and liver immaturity

When does does physiologic jaundice occur

After 24 hours of age

What does hemolytic disease or pathological jaundice

Result of an underlying disease

When does pathologic jaundice occur?

Before 24 hours of age

What is kernicterus

Bilirubin encephalopathy Increase permeability of the blood brain barrier to on conjunctive bilirubin Potential for irreversible brain damage Caused by bilirubin, depositing in brain

Expected findings of hyper bilirubinemia

Yellowish tint to skin When release of pressure observe the skin for a yellowish tint, a skin is blanched

Expected findings of kernicterus

Yellow skin Poor feeding Decreased activity High-pitched cry Temperature instability

Laboratory test for hyperbilirubinemia

Our specific blood bilirubin levels to predict newborns at risk for hyperbilirubinemia

Nursing care for hyper bilirubinemia

Set up phototherapy Encourage parents to hold and interact with newborn when lights are off Auxiliary temp every four hours Feed, newborn, early and frequent every 3 to 4 hours to promote bilirubin excretion in stools

What is nursing care during phototherapy?

Maintain an eye mask over the newborns eyes Avoid applying lotions Remove newborn from phototherapy every four hours Reposition newborn every two hours

What is newborn sepsis?

Infection, contracted by the newborn before during or after delivery newborns are more susceptible due to their limited immunity in ability to localized infection infection can spread rapidly into the bloodstream

How to reduce the risk of infection in newborns

Prophylactic anabiotic treatment of the eyes of all newborns, inappropriate umbilical cord care

Expected findings in newborn sepsis

Temperature instability hypothermi Suspicious drainage (eyes, umbilical cord) Poor weight gain Abdominal distention Respiratory distress Color changes Low blood pressure Poor muscle tone

What does plagiocephaly

Acquired condition that occurs from cranial molding in infancy

What happens in plagiocephaly?

Infants head becomes a symmetric or oblique in shape due to flattening of the occiput

What is a risk factor for plagiocephaly?

Supine sleep position

What are key prevention of plagiocephaly?

Lying prone position for 30 to 60 minutes per day while awake Alternate the infants, head position each night to avoid persistent pressure on the occiput Wearing customize helmet to reshape the skull

How long does a customized helmet for plagiocephaly need to be worn?

23 hours a day usually for three months

What is considered a late preterm infant

Between 34 and 37 weeks

What is considered an early preterm baby?

Between 24 and 34 weeks

What is an expected findings for premature infant?

Head large Thin skin Abundant Laguna Soft, ear cartilage Poor suck, swallow reflux Testicles undescended

What are symptoms of down syndrome?

Broad flat nose Protruding tongue Short neck Low set ears Fifth finger curved N-word Cardiac anomalies

What can an infant go through if their mother was using drugs or alcohol while pregnant?

Withdrawal

What are long-term complications of fetal alcohol syndrome?

Central nervous system dysfunction Behavioral difficulties Language abnormalities Delayed growth Poor, maternal bother

Pediatrics- Complications of Infants Flashcards

(57 cards)