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Pediatrics/ Maternity > Pediatrics- Skin > Flashcards

Pediatrics- Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What is contact dermaTitus?

A

Inflammatory hypersensitive reaction of the skin

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2
Q

What causes diaper dermatitis?

A

Caused by detergent, soaps, or chemicals that come in contact with genital area

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3
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Cradle cap

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4
Q

What is an expected findings in contact dermaTitus

A

Red bumps that can form moist, weeping blisters
Skin, warm and tender to touch
Using drainage or Crust
Skin scaley raw or thickened

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5
Q

What is expected findings in diaper dermatitis?

A

Bright, red rash
Fiery red Skelly areas on genitalia
Pimples blisters, ulcers, large bumps plus field sores
Small, red patches

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6
Q

Nursing care for a diaper dermatitis

A

Remove soil diaper
Clean perineal area with Nunn irritating cleanser
Use disposable diapers
Apply skin barrier, such as zinc oxide
Do not wash skin barrier off

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7
Q

What should you do if there’s contact derma Titus

A

Remove irritant and limit further exposure

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8
Q

What do you do if someone has a poisonous plant exposure?

A

Cleanse exposed area with cold, running water than soap
Apply calamine lotion
Use topical corticosteroids gel

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9
Q

What do you do with seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Gently scrub the scalp to remove scales in crusted areas
Use fine tooth comb to remove the loosen crust
Shampoo daily

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10
Q

What can be a result of Candida albicans

A

Diaper dermatitis

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11
Q

What is client education for a diaper dermatitis?

A

Change diapers frequently
Avoid bubble baths and harsh soaps

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12
Q

What is a complication of of contact derma Titus

A

Bacterial infections caused by brakes and skin from scratching

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13
Q

How do you prevent bacterial infections in contact derma Titus?

A

Can you finger nails trim short?
Cleanse the area with mild soap and water

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14
Q

What is atopic dermatitis?

A

A type of eczema characterized by pruritus associated with history of allergies

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15
Q

Can a topic dermatitis be cured

A

No

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16
Q

Risk factors for a topic dermatitis

A

Presence of allergic condition
family history,
previous skin disorder

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17
Q

Physical assessment findings in a topic dermatitis

A

Skin can appear dry and rough
Hypo pigmentation of skin in small diffuse areas
Pallor surrounds nose, mouth ears
Bluish discoloration under eyes

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18
Q

Onset of atopic dermatitis in an infant

A

2 to 6 months who is spontaneous remission by three years

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19
Q

What does the distribution and lesions of atopic dermatitis in an infant looks like?

A

Generalize, distribution on cheeks, scale, trunk hands, and feet
That have erythema vesicles, papules, weeping, oozing crusting scaling lesions

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20
Q

What does the distribution and lesions of atopic dermatitis in an child looks like?

A

Lesions in the flexural areas anti-cubital in popliteal neck, Ris ankles, and feet with symmetric involvement
Clustered erythematous or flesh colored papules Dry lesions.

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21
Q

When is the onset of atopic dermatitis in a child?

A

2 to 3 years of age of 90% of children having manifestations by five

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22
Q

When is an onset of a adolescent with a topic dermatitis?

A

12 years and continue onto adulthood

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23
Q

Which is the nurse do if a patient has a topic dermatitis

A

Keep skin hydrated with tepid bath’s
Apply emollient with three minute of bathing
Two or three baths may be given daily with one prior to bedtime
Pet skin dry do not rub
Cotton clothing
Avoid excessive heat
Keep clients nails, short and filed

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24
Q

what is acne

A

Most common skin condition that is self limiting and non-life-threatening, but poses a threat to self image and self-esteem

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25
Q

What is tretinoin?

A

Medication that interrupts abnormal keratinization that causes acne

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26
Q

Client education for a patient on tretinoin

A

Can irritate skin
Wait 30 minutes after washing the face before application
Use pea sized
apply at night
Avoid sun

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27
Q

What is a good client education of benzol peroxide

A

Can bleach, bed, linens towels, clothing, but not skin?

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28
Q

 What is client education of a topical anti-bacterial agent for acne

A

Every other day application, decreases adverse effects(drawing of skin, burning sensation, erhythmia)
Avoid sun exposure

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29
Q

What is isotretinoin?

A

Accutane

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30
Q

How is isotretinoin prescribed

A

Only through a dermatologist for severe acne that is unresponsive to other therapies

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31
Q

What does adverse effects of isotretinoin?

A

Dry skin,mucus membranes, and eyes
Decrease night vision
Headaches
Photosensitivity
Depression
Suicidal ideation

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32
Q

What is the importance of education for women and isotretinoin?

A

It is a teratogenetic and contraindicated in women of childbearing age

If sexually active client must agree to two forms of effective contraceptive for one month before and during treatment in one month, following treatment

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33
Q

How can oral contraceptive pills help acne in women

A

Decrease endogenous, androgen production

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34
Q

A nurse is teaching the guardian of an infant who has seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp which of the following instruction should the nurse include in the teaching?

You can use petroleum to help soften and remove patches from your infant scalp
When patches are present, you should keep your infant away from others
You should avoid washing your infants hair will patches are present on the scalp
One patches are present. It indicates that your infant has a systemic infection.

A

You can use petroleum to help soften and remove patches from your infant scalp

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35
Q

A nurse is caring for a child who has contact derma Titus due to poison ivy, which of the following action should the nurse take (select)
Remove the clothing over the rash
Initiate contact isolation precautions well the rash is present
Expose the rash to a heat lamp for 15 minutes
Cleanse the infected skin with hydrogen peroxide solution
Apply calamine lotion to the skin

A

Remove the clothing over the rash
Apply calamine lotion to the skin

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36
Q

The nurse is caring for an adolescent who has acne and prescription for isotretinoin from the dermatologist which of the following laboratory findings. Should the nurse plan to monitor
Cholesterol and triglycerides
BUN and creatinine
Blood potassium
Blood sodium

A

Cholesterol and triglycerides

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37
Q

A nurse is planning to care for an infant who has a diaper dermatitis, which of the following action should the nurse include in the plan of care( select)
Apply talcum powder with every diaper change
Allow the buttocks to air dry
Used commercial baby wipes to cleanse the area
Use cloth diaper until the rash is gone
Apply zinc oxide ointment to the affected area

A

Allow the buttocks to air dry
Apply oxide ointment to the affected area

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38
Q

A nurse is assessing an infant who is eczema which of the following findings should the nurse expect(select) 
Generalize distribution of lesions
Papules
Ekhymosis in flexural areas
Crusting lesions
Keratosis Pilaris

A

Generalize distribution of lesions
Papules
Crusting lesions

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39
Q

What should a child with eczema avoid

A

Avoid latex products, secondhand smoke, free, pets, dust in molds

40
Q

What are the five different burns you can have

A

Thermal, cold, chemical, electrical and radioactive

41
Q

What is a first-degree burn

A

A superficial burn, where there is damage the epidermidis

42
Q

What is the appearance of superficial burn?

A

Pink to red in color with no blisters blanches with pressure

43
Q

What is the sensation/healing of a first-degree superficial burn

A

Painful heels within 3 to 7 days no scars

44
Q

What is a second-degree superficial partial thickness burn

A

Damage to the entire epidermis
Dermal elements are intact

45
Q

What is the appearance of a second-degree superficial partial thickness burn?

A

Painful Moiz red in color with blisters mild to moderate edema no eschar

Blanches with pressure

46
Q

What is the sensation/healing of a second-degree superficial partial thickness burn

A

Painful heals in less than 21 days
Variable amounts of scarring
Sensitive to temperature changes exposure to air and light touch

47
Q

What is a second-degree deep partial thickness burn

A

Damage to the entire epidermis, and some parts of the dermis

Sweat, glands and hair follicles remain intact

48
Q

What is the appearance of a second-degree deep partial thickness, burn

A

Modeled red to white in color with blisters in Moderat edema

Blanches with pressure

49
Q

What is the sensation/feeling of a second-degree deep partial thickness burn?

A

Painful
Sensitive to temperature changes and light touch
Healing time can extend beyond 21 days
Scarring likely

50
Q

What is a third-degree full thickness burn

A

Damage to the entire epidermidis and dermis, and possible damage to the subcutaneous tissue

Nerve endings hair follicles and sweat glands are destroyed

51
Q

What is the appearance of a third-degree full thickness burn

A

Reggaeton black brown or waxy white in color
Dry, leathery appearance
No blanching

52
Q

What is the sensation/healing of third degree full thickness burn

A

As Burn heals, painful sensations return in severity of pain increases

Heels within weeks to months

Scarring present

Autographing is required

53
Q

What is a fourth-degree deep full thickness burn

A

Damage to all layers of the skin that extends to muscle facia and bones

54
Q

What is the appearance of a fourth degree deep, full thickness, burn

A

Color variable
Dull and dry
Charring
Possible visible ligaments, phone or tendons

55
Q

What is the sensation or healing of a fourth degree, deep, full thickness, burn

A

No pain is present
heals within weeks to months
scarring is present
autographing is required
amputation possible

56
Q

Risk factors for burns

A

Abuse, neglect, lack of supervision, developmental growth of the child

57
Q

Expected finding in a burn of a younger child

A

Younger children have deeper injuries due to thinner skin
Children, less than two years old, have a higher mortality, due to decreased proteins stores in immature, renal an immune function

58
Q

What is TBSA

A

Total body surface area
Charts that determine the extent of injury to body surface
Infant skin is thin so injury is likely to be deeper

59
Q

Severity grading system of classification of burns

A

Severity of the injury depends on the child’s age
Minor
Moderate
Major

60
Q

Minor burns are treated where

A

Outpatient setting

61
Q

Moderate burns are treated where

A

Hospital with expertise in Burn care

62
Q

Major burns are treated where

A

Require medical services of burn center

63
Q

What is the severity grading system of a minor partial thickness burn?

A

Less than 10% of TBSA

64
Q

What is the severity grading system of a moderate partial thickness burn?

A

10% of 20% of TBSA

65
Q

What is the severity grading system of a major partial thickness burn?

A

Greater than 20% of TBSA

66
Q

And what is nursing care for a minor burn?

A

Stop the burning process
Remove clothes in your jewelry that can conduct heat
Apply tepid water
Do not use ice
Flush burns, caused by liquid chemical
Brush, dry chemicals from skin
Cover burn with clean cloth
Provide analgesia
Provide warms
Administer tetanus vaccine
Avoid using Greasy lotions or butter on burns

67
Q

What position should you place a child in for a minor burn

A

horizontal position, enroll him in a blanket to extinguish the fire

68
Q

What kind of dressing should you apply to a minor burn?

A

Nonadherent fine mesh gauze
Hydrocollide occlusive dressing

69
Q

What kind of nursing care should you administer too major Burns

A

Maintain airway and ventilation
Provide 100% supplemental oxygen
Check vitals,
Maintain, cardiac output
Initiate IV access with large bore catheter
Avoid I am or sub Q injection’s
Use IV opioid
Administer pain meds prior to dressing change 

70
Q

Why is fluid replacement important in major Burns?

A

Fluid placement is important during the first 24 hours
Isotonic crystalloid solution (lactated ringers) are used in the early stage
Colloid solution(albumin or plasma) maybe used after first 24 hours to 48 hours

71
Q

What are manifestations of shock in a major burn patient

A

Confusion
Increase capillary refill
Spiking fever
Modeled or cool extremities
Decreased bowel sounds
Tachycardia and tachypnea
Decrease urine output

72
Q

How do you prevent infection in a patient with a major burn?

A

Restrict plants and flowers
Change position frequently
Limit visitors

73
Q

How do you provide nutritional support in a patient with major Burns?

A

Increase caloric intake to meet, increase metabolic demands and prevent hypoglycemia
Increase protein intake to prevent tissue breakdown and promote healing

74
Q

What is the medication used to treat second and 3rd degree burns

A

Silver sulfadiazine
Mafenide acetate

75
Q

What is wound care and a burn patient

A

Premedicate as prescribed
Remove previous dressing
Assess odors, drainage, and discharge
Provide hydrotherapy
Monitor for cold stress

76
Q

What is hydrotherapy?

A

Play burn patient affected extremity and warm tub of water or use warm running water as the shower to cleanse the wound
Use once or twice a day. Use mild soap to gently wash, burns, and rinse with tepid water.

77
Q

What is a biological skin covering?

A

Used to promote healing of large burns requires repeated surgical application

78
Q

What is an allograft (homograft)

A

Skin from a human cadaver that is used for partial and full thickness burn wound

79
Q

What is a xenograft

A

Obtained from animals(pigs) for partial thickness, burn wound

80
Q

What is a synthetic skin covering?

A

Use for partial thickness, burn wounds

81
Q

What is artificial skin?

A

A biological product that allows the dermis to regenerate used for partial and full thickness burns
Promotes healing faster

82
Q

What is a permanent skin covering?

A

Maybe the treatment of choice for burns covering large areas of skin

83
Q

What is an autograph?

A

Client skin

84
Q

What does sheet graft

A

Sheet of skin use to cover the wound

85
Q

What is a mesh graft

A

Sheet of skin placed in a mesher so skin graft has small slits in it allows graft to cover larger areas of burn wound

86
Q

What is cultured epithelium?

A

Epithelial cells, cultured for use when grafting sites are limited

87
Q

What are nursing actions for wound care of a burn patient

A

Maintain immobilization of the graft site
Elevate the extremity
Check for unstable body temperature

88
Q

What are signs of infection before and after skin coverings of graft are applied to a burn patient

A

Discoloration of unburned skin surrounding burn wound
Green colors to subcutaneous fat
Degeneration of granulation tissue
Development of subeschar hemorrhage

89
Q

What is education you should teach her patient who has a burn

A

Perform range of motion exercises
Assessed for infection
Avoid sun exposure
Expect delays and growth and wait for up to three years post for an injury

90
Q

What is a direct thermal injury?

A

Occurs when burns of the face and lips damage occurs after inhalation of heated gasses
Can be delayed 24 to 48 hours

91
Q

What are findings in a direct thermal injury

A

Wheezing
Increase secretions
Hoarseness
What rails in the lungs?
Cinch nasal hairs

92
Q

A nurse is caring for a client who has a superficial partial thickness burn, which of the following action should the nurse take
Administer IV INFUSION OF 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE.
APPLY COOL, WET COMPRESS TO THE AFFECTED AREA
Clean the affected area using a soft bristle brush
Administer morphine sulfate

A

Apply cool, wet compresses to the affected area

93
Q

A nurse is caring for a client who has a major burn in suspected septic shock, which of the following findings are consistent with a septic shock (select)
Increase body temperature
Altered sensorium
Decrees capillary refill time
Decreased urine output
Increased bowel sounds

A

Increase body temperature
Altered sensorium
Decreased urine output

94
Q

A nurse is caring for a client who has a major Byrne and is experiencing severe pain which of the following action should the nurse implement to manage the clients pain
Administer morphine sulfate IVV, a continuous infusion
Administer meperidine IM as needed
Administer acetaminophen PO every four hours
Administer hydrocodone PO every six hours

A

Administer morphine sulfate IV via continuous infusion

95
Q

A nurse is caring for a client who has a skin graph which of the following manifestations indicate infection (sleect)
Pink color to subcutaneous fat
Unstable body temperature
Generation of granulation tissue
Subseschar hemorrhage
Change in skin color around the affected area

A

Unstable body temperature
Subeschar hemorrhage
Change in skin color around the affected area

96
Q

A nurse is caring for a client who has a moderate burn which of the following action should the nurse take
Maintain immobilization of the affected area
Expose the affected area to the air
Initiate a high protein, high calorie diet
Implement contact, isolation

A

Initiate a high protein, high calorie diet

Pediatrics/ Maternity (15 decks)

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