Pediatrics, Milestones, Assessments

Question 1

Apgar Score

Answer 1

A standardized assessment tool to assess newborn condition and response to resuscitation immediately following birth.

Activity (muscle tone), Pulse (> 100 beats), Grimace (reflex), Appearance (skin color), Respiration (strong cry)

Scores calculated at 1 and 5 minutes. Normal score is 7-10, moderately abnormal is 4-6, and low is 0-3.

Question 2

Palmer Grasp

Answer 2

Strong grasping relfex that is present at birth and disappears by 3 months.

Question 3

Mottling

Answer 3

Purplish marbling of the skin. Common in newborns.

Question 4

Mongolian spots (slate grey nevus)

Answer 4

Common in dark-skinned newborns. They are bluish-gray spots seen on the back, buttock, shoulder, and legs.

Question 5

Moro Reflex

Answer 5

The Startle Reflex! Present at birth. Weakens around 3-4 months, disappears by 6 months.

Question 6

Milia

Answer 6

Small, white papules on newborns face. Common in the first few months of life.

Question 7

Cafe Au Lait

Answer 7

Coffee-colored patches on a newborn. May be harmless or suggestive of underlying disease such as neurofibromatosis.

Question 8

Stepping Reflex

Answer 8

Newborn reflex that is present between birth and 8 weeks. Age of disappearance before walking.

Question 9

Torticollis

Answer 9

Asymmetric neck or head position due to contracted neck muscles. Can be a result of birth trauma or intrauterine position of the body.

Question 10

Hemangioma

Answer 10

Bright, red, rubbery birthmark caused by blood vessels in the skin. Generally grows the first year of life, then recedes.

Question 11

Barlow-Ortolani Maneuver

Answer 11

Assess hip location in newborns through adduction and abduction of the hip.

Question 12

Acrocyanosis

Answer 12

Bluish color to hands and feet. Common in newborns.

Question 13

Asymmetric tonic neck

Answer 13

When babies head is turned to one side, an extension of the arm and leg on the side the head was turned, and flexion of the opposite side should be observed. Present at birth with diminishing at 3-4 months. Disappears by 6 months.

Question 14

Cephalhematoma

Answer 14

Bleeding under the scalp. Does not cross suture lines. Can occur in infants due to birthing trauma.

Question 15

Craniosynostosis

Answer 15

Premature fusion of skull sutures in an infant. Can cause plagiocephaly (distortion in infant’s skull).

Question 16

Caput Succedaneum

Answer 16

Infant scalp edema due to compression in the birth canal

Question 17

Plagiocephaly

Answer 17

skull asymmetry

Question 18

Babinski Reflex

Answer 18

Normal reflex in newborns. Can be observed by firmly stroking the sole of the foot. The great toe will turn upward and the other toes will fan outward. Disappears prior to walking.

Question 19

Sits up unassisted

Answer 19

6 months

Question 20

Say mama/dada with meaning

Answer 20

12 months

Question 21

Stands

Answer 21

12 months

Question 22

Walks

Answer 22

12 to 17 months

Question 23

Holds a spoon

Answer 23

15-18 months

Question 24

Copies circle, throws ball, rides tricycle

Answer 24

3 years old

Question 25

Draws cross

Answer 25

4 years old

Question 26

Ride actual bike

Answer 26

5 to 6 years old

Question 27

Separation anxiety goes away

Answer 27

9 months

Question 28

Palmar grasp goes away

Answer 28

5-6 months

Question 29

anterior fontanelle closure

Answer 29

12-18 months

Question 30

posterior fontanelle closure

Answer 30

2-3 months

Question 31

Strabismus clears up and what is it?

Answer 31

4-6 months Periods where the eyes temporarily point inwards towards the nose, left eye appears to remain deviate towards the child’s nose (esotropic) or outward (exotropic) eye deviation. If it does not resolve by six months refer

Question 32

bull leggedness goes away

Answer 32

2-3 years

Question 33

born prematurely when do they catch up?

Answer 33

age 2

Question 34

birthweight doubles

Answer 34

6 months

Question 35

birthweight triples

Answer 35

12 months

Question 36

Start MMR and varicella vaccines

Answer 36

12 months - live vaccines

Question 37

give DTap

Answer 37

less than 7 yo

Question 38

give Tdap

Answer 38

older than 7 yo

Question 39

bilirubin level need phototherapy

Answer 39

> 15

Question 40

Tanner stage 2 girl

Answer 40

breast budding

Question 41

Tanner stage 2 boy

Answer 41

Beginning enlargement of scrotum and testes; change in texture and reddening of scrotal skin

Question 42

Tanner stage 3 girl

Answer 42

Both breasts are in 1 mound

Question 43

Tanner stage 3 boy

Answer 43

Growth spurt where the penis grows the most in length

Question 44

Tanner stage 4 girl

Answer 44

Both breasts are in 2 mounds/start of period

Question 45

Tanner stage 4 boy

Answer 45

Further growth of penis in length and breadth; further darkening of scrotal skin

Question 46

Avg age for menses

Answer 46

15 yo, also indicates adult height