Peds 1 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Cutis marmorata (“marbled skin”)
A
- Transient mottling when the infant is exposed to decreased temperature
- Instability or immaturity of the nerve supply to the superficial capillary blood vessels in the skin - Blood vessels in some regions to dilate, producing a red color of the skin, while other regions are contracting, producing pale skin
2
Q
17 years respirations?
A
12-20
3
Q
weight at birth?
A
2500-4000 grams
4
Q
State Regulation
A
Ability to modulate the level of arousal in response to different degrees of stimulation
5
Q
1 year pulse?
A
80-160
6
Q
Auscultation of the abd sounds like….
A
tinkling, metallics sound
7
Q
normal birth weight
A
great then or equal to 2,500g
8
Q
post-term age?
A
greater then 42
9
Q
apperance (skin color) points
A
0= blue-gray, pale extremities 1= pink body, blue extremities 2= pink all over
10
Q
BP measurements begin when?
A
at age 3
11
Q
Posterior fontanelle
A
1-2 cm at birth
Closes by 2 months
12
Q
Salmon patches (“stork bites”)
A
Flat, deep pink localized areas usually seen on mid-forehead, eyelids, upper lip and back of neck
13
Q
CN 2,3
A
optic blink reflex (in response to light)
14
Q
central cynosis
A
congenital heart dz
15
Q
Ortolani Test
A
Place baby supine with legs toward you
Flex legs to form right angles at knees
Place your index finger over greater trochanters
Thumbs over lesser trochanters
ABduct both hips simultaneously
****Tests for congenital dislocated hip (posterior dislocation)
16
Q
Caput succedaneum
A
Capillary distension and extravasation of blood and fluid resulting from vacuum effect of rupture of membranes
Presents as a scalp swelling that extends across the midline and over suture lines
** Does not usually cause complications Typically resolves within the first few days
17
Q
Palmar grasp refelx
A
Place your fingers into baby’s hands and press against the palmar surfaces.
Baby will flex all fingers to grasp yours
Birth to 3-4 months
18
Q
17 years pulse?
A
60-100
19
Q
late preterm age?
A
34-36
20
Q
infants should double their birth weight by _____ months of age?
A
4-5
21
Q
6 year pulse?
A
75-115
22
Q
Anterior fontanelle
A
4-6 cm at birth
Closes between 12-26 months
23
Q
rooting reflex
A
Stroke perioral skin at the corners of the mouth.
Mouth will open and baby will turn head toward stimulated side and suck
Birth to 3-4 months
24
Q
Respiration points?
A
0= absent 1= slow, irregular 2= Good, strong, crying
25
adolescence def?
11-20 years
26
babies mouth...
Nonadherent
adherent
Non- milk deposits
adhere- candidiasis
27
grimace points (reflex irritability)
0= no response 1= grimace 2= sneeze, cough, pulls away
28
Physiologic Jaundice
Appears 2nd or 3rd day of life and peaks on days 3-4
More intense in the upper body
Blanching
29
CN 3,4,6
how baby track face
30
newborn respirations?
30-60
31
term age?
37-42
32
Asymmetric tonic
Baby supine, turn head to one side, holding jaw over shoulder.
The arms/legs on side to which head is turned extend while the opposite arm/leg flex.
Repeat on other side
Birth to 2 months
33
Perception
Ability to regard faces, turn to voices, quiet in presence of singing, track colorful objects, respond to touch, and recognize familiar scents
34
temperature: 1. preferable 2. Inaccurate (2)
1. audtory canal or rectal (if less then 2 months)
2. axillary and thermal tape
35
Habituation
Selectively and progressively shut out negative stimuli
36
If the testicle can be pushed into the scrotum, it is considered \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
descended, even if it retracts into inguinal canal
37
Galeazzi Test
Inspect for leg length discrepancies
Place feet on table with both knees flexed.
Measure difference in knee height
38
3 years respirations?
20-30
39
CN 11
symmetry of shoulder
40
Pulse points?
0= absent 1= less then 100 bpm 2= greater 100 bpm
41
Microcephaly
is 2-3 SD below the mean
42
4 complex behavior a newborn can do?
Habituation
Attachment
State Regulation
Perception
43
Location of a supraclavicular arterial bruit?
above clavicles
44
APGAR is measured at what times?
1 and 5
45
Acrocyanosis
Cyanosis of the hands and feet
46
What does APGAR stand for?
A = Activity (muscle tone) P = Pulse G = Grimace (reflex irritability) A = Appearance (skin color) R = Respiration
47
Mongolian spot
Irregular areas of deep blue pigmentation, usually in the sacral and gluteal regions
Common
Must document for DCF
48
Pustular Melanosis
Small vesiculopustules over a brown macular base
49
location of pulmonary ejection mumur?
superior aspect of LLSB, ejection sound
50
newborn pulse?
120-170
51
Landau reflex
Suspend the baby prone with one hand.
The head will lift up and the spine will straighten
Birth to 6 months
52
3 years pulse?
80-120
53
Millaria Rubra (“prickly heat”)
Scattered vesicles on an erythematous base
Common on face and trunk
Obstructed sweat glands
54
Erythema toxicum
Pink papular rash with vesicles superimposed on thorax, back, buttocks, and abdomen
May appear within 24-48 hours and resolves after a few days Unknown etiology
55
The normal range for child development is narrow or wide?
wide
56
infancy def?
1st year
57
Polycythermia?
purple in color
58
macrocephaly def?
large head size 2 SD above the mean
\*\*Circumferance is measured for the first 2 years of life
59
Trunk Incurvation (Galant’s Reflex)
Support baby prone with one hand, and stroke on side of back 1 cm from midline from shoulder to buttocks.
Spine will curve toward stimulated side
Birth to 2 months
60
newborns lose ______ perc of their birth weight with ____ week. they will regain within the the first 2 weeks _____ perc? And gain ____ g per day.
10; 1
10; 30;
61
CN 5
test rooting and sucking reflex
62
CN1
difficult to test
63
Plantar grasp relfex
Tough the sole at the base of the toes.
The toes curl.
Birth to 6-8 months
64
Ashen white?
occurs from shock
65
middle childhood def?
5-10 years
66
Attachment
Reciprocal process of bonding with caregiver
67
10 years respirations?
16-20
68
postnatal period def?
29 days- 1 year
69
1 year respirations?
20-40
70
Barlow test
Place hands in same position as for Ortolani test
Pull leg forward and ADduct with posterior force
Press in opposite direction with your thumbs moving down toward the table and outward
71
6 years respirations?
16-22
72
Nevus Flammeus (Port Wine Stain)
Vascular birthmark consisting of superficial and deep dilated capillaries in the skin which produce a reddish to purplish discoloration of the skin.
Typically appear on the face or extremities
73
CN 12
coordination of swallowing, sucking, tongue movement
74
Parachute reflex
Suspend baby prone and slowly lower head toward a surface.
Arms and legs will extend in a protective fashion
Birth or 2 months until 6 months
75
Lanugo
Fine, downy hair growth over entire body
Premature infants
Will disappear in first few weeks
76
Activity points?
0= absent 1= arms and legs flexed 2= Active movement
77
Moro Reflex (startle reflex)
Hold baby supine, supporting head, back and lets.
Abruptly lower entire body about 2 feet.
Arms ABduct and extend, hands open, legs flex.
Baby may cry
Birth to 4 months
78
CN 7
observe baby crying, smiling (note symmetry)
79
CN 8
Acoustic blink relfex (blink eyes in response to noise) tracking to sound
80
The umbilical cord contains.....
2 arteries and 1 vein
81
When doing an eye exam on a newborn, always be sure to asses \_\_\_\_\_\_
red reflex b/l
82
Fontanelles Bulging suggests \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Depression suggests \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
intracranial pressure
Depression suggests dehydration
83
drooling is common between what ages?
6 weeks- 6 months
84
Milia
Pinhead-sized smooth white raised areas without surrounding erythema on the nose, chin, and forehead
Due to retention of sebum
85
Placing and stepping reflex
Hold baby upright (as in positive support reflex). Have one sole touch tabletop.
The hip and knee of that foot will flex and the other foot will step forward.
Alternate stepping will occur
Birth (best after 4 days); variable age to disappear
86
low birth weight
less then 2500g
87
CN 2
baby looks at face; facial response and tracking
88
Tenting of the skin in a infant means....
dehydration
89
Neonatal period def?
1st 28 days of life
90
Macewen’s sign
Occurs with percussion
Tap skull near junction of frontal, temporal and parietal bones
Stronger resonant sound when hydrocephalus or brain abscess are present
Normal prior to closure of cranial sutures
91
when doing the otoscopic exam in infants, where to pull the ear?
DOWN
92
early childhood def?
1-4 years
93
location of peripheral pulmonary stenosis
low-pitch with radiation to back and axilla
94
pre term age?
less then 34 weeks
95
Positive support reflex
Hold baby around trunk and lower until feet touch flat surface.
The hips, knees and ankles extend, baby stands up, partially bearing weight, sags after 20-30 seconds
Birth or 2 months until 6 months
96
10 years pulse?
70-110
97
CN 9,10
observe coordination during swallowing test gag relfex
98
Infants should triple birth weights by _____ months of age
12
99
ext. low birth weight
less then 1,000g
100
Location of a still murmur?
inferior aspect of LLSB, systolic ejection sound, vibratory/musical quality
101
location of the venous hum murmur?
infraclavicular throughout the cardiac cycle (right side \> left side), diminishes with jugular vein palpation or neck turning
102
failure to thrive of newborn means?
inadequate weight gain for age
103
very low birth weight
less then 1500 g
104
Cephalohematoma
Collection of blood under the periosteum
Complication of childbirth “Water balloon under the scalp”
\*\* suspect underlying skull fx if it crosses the midline
105
At birth length?
18-22 inches
\*\* measure the baby laying down until 24 months of age
106
1 minute APGAR results?
8-10: normal
5-7: some nervous system depression
0-4: requires immediate resuscitation
107
5 minute APGAR results?
8-10: normal
0-7: High risk for subsequent CNS or other organ system dysfunction
108
Plagiocephaly
Asymmetry of the cranial vault
109
Acne Neonatorum
Usually because of stimulation of the baby’s sebaceous glands by maternal hormones
Hormones cross the placenta and after delivery they cause the oil glands on the skin to form bumps that look like pimples
Follows a pattern-- Occurs around 3 weeks (but can be present at time of delivery) Males \> Females Papules and pustules
