Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OB/Peds Preceptored Exams (Sem 2) > PEDS > Flashcards

PEDS Flashcards

(92 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Cephalocaudal

A

development that starts at the head and moves downward

child can control its head/neck before its arms and legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Proximodistal

A

starts at the center and processes to the periphery

movement/control of trunk before arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Differentiation

A

simple to complex progression of achievement of milestones

child learns to crawl before it walks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

infant stage is classified as

A

birth - 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

toddler stage is classified as

A

1 - 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

preschoold stage is classified as

A

3 - 6 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

school age is classified as

A

6 - 12 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

adolescence is classified as

A

12 - 18 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

developmental milestone expected for 2-3 months

A

grasps toys, eyes follow object, blows bubbles
raises head and chest when lying on stomach
supports body with arms
stretches legs out and kicks while on back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

developmental milestone expected for 6-8 months

A

bang objects on table, transfer object from hand to hand, pincer grasp
roll from side to side
sits up unsupported
supports whole weight on legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

developmental milestone expected for 1 year

A

holds crayon and marks on paper, begins to use objects correctly
pulls self up to stand
walks while holding onto furniture
walks two or three steps independently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

developmental milestone expected for 2-3 years

A

learning to dress self, can draw simple shapes
jumps
kicks ball
learning to pedal tricycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

developmental milestone expected for 4-5 years

A

dresses independently, uses scissors, learning to tie shoes, brushes teeth
goes up and down stairs independently
throws a ball overhand
hops on one foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in the theory of psychosexual development, what three parts make up a personality

A

ID
ego
superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the ID mean within personality of psychosexual development

A

basic sexual energy that is present at birth and drives the seeking of pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does the Ego mean within personality of psychosexual development

A

realistic part of a person

develops during infancy and searches for acceptable methods to meets impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the superego mean within personlaity of psychosexual development

A

moral and ethical system that develops in childhood and contains values as well as consious thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fixation of development can occur in a specific stage if what occurs

A

if needs are not met or conflicts are not resolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

according to Freud, human nature has what two sides

A

rational intellect and irrational desires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

oral stage of psychosexual theory

A

preoccupied with activities with the mouth

birth - 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

anal Stage of psychosexual theory

A

1 - 3 years

occupied with ability to eliminate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

phallic stage of psychosexual theory

A

precoccupied with genital/becomes aware of sexual being

3 - 6 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

latency stage of psychosexual theory

A

sexual drives submerged/focus on peers

6 - 11 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

genital stage of psychosexual theory

A

struggle with sexuality/sexual being and relationships

12 years through adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what makes up each stage of the psychosocial theory
a crisis, personality development that occurs because of this crisis, challenge
26
stages of psychosocial theory
``` trust vs. mistrust (birth - 1 year) autonomy vs. shame/doubt (1 - 3 years) initiative vs. guilt (3 - 6 years) industry vs. inferiority (6 - 12 years) identity vs. role confusion (12 - 18 years) ```
27
nature refers to
traits, capacities, and limitations that a person inherits from parents at contraception
28
nurture refers to
the environmental influences that occur after conception, including the mothers health before birth and the childs environment thereafter
29
how is age adjusted for premature infants and their milestones
subtract the weeks or months that the child was born early from the current chronological age, should reach adjusted milestones
30
most premature children catch up with these milestones by what age
2 years
31
what can "play" help with when a child is stressed
it can help as a diversional activity and a stress reducer can act out fears and anxieties foster growth and developmental needs through play
32
milestones expected from birth to 3 months
``` lift head when on abdomen grasps object kicks turns head from side to side head and neck must be supported hands/thumbs in mouth primitive reflexes should respond to parents voice/loud noises focus on close objects can smile, laugh, sensitive ```
33
milestones expected from 3 - 6 months
``` birth weight doubles by 6 months of age can raise head and support it reaches/grasps objects rolls more stabilized sleeping opens mouth for spoon can see with both eyes coordinated primitive reflexes begin to disappear begins to drool/chews and teething begin can sit when propped up ```
34
milestones expected for 6 - 9 months
``` screened for developmental issues at 9 months rolls from stomach to back sits unsupported transfers objects from hand to hand fine motor skills feet in mouth taste preferences differences in objects stranger anxiety object permanence pull to stand pincer grasp crawls back/forward responds to name distinguishes colors distance vision expresses emotions ```
35
milestones for 9 - 12 months
``` birth weight triples head/chest circumference are equal 6-8 teeth knows name creeps along furniture drinks from cup, weaned from bottle stands alone for brief periods takes steps alone eats with spoon enjoys books 12 months can transition to whole cows milk ```
36
medical checkups/infant appointments should be scheduled for when
``` 2 months 4 months 6 months 9 months 1 year ```
37
what positioning should you use for sleep
"safe" to "sleep"
38
should you call your physician if baby is quieter or fussier than usual
yes
39
choking safety
do not attach pacifiers or other objects to the crib or body with a string or cord
40
car seat safety
secure the car seat facing backward
41
shaken baby syndrome
teenage fathers are more likely to cause this | can cause detached retinas, permanent brain damage, death
42
erikson theory of toddler development
autonomy vs. shame/doubt | toddlers seek to attain autonomy by gaining more self control in areas such as toileting and food preferences
43
Piagets theory of toddler development
preoperational characterized by magical thinking that their thoughts have an impact on the world egocentrism which is the inability to see things from anothers perspective
44
Freuds theory of toddler development
psychosexual theory where toddlers are in the anal stage | pleasure derived from holding/releasing bowel movements
45
Kohlbergs theory of toddler development
preconventional | theory of moral development with fear and punishment
46
most children in the toddler age group should be able to
``` walk alone by 15 months begin to run stand on tip toes climb stairs while holding on to support by 21 months build towers of four or more blocks by age 2 years build towers of more than 6 blocks by age 3 years kick a ball climb on furniture by age 2 years pull/carry toys while walking run/jump turn a door knob ride a tricycle ```
47
language skills of a toddler
``` point to objects name by others recognize names of things 5 words by 12 months 50 words by 18 months use words "I" "me" "you" use sentences ```
48
promoting self care in toddlers can be done by
encouraging to participate | limited appropriate choices
49
erikson theory of preschool development
initiative vs. guilt | begin to assert power or rely on dependence
50
Piaget Theory of preschool development
preoperational | magical thinking/egocentrism
51
freud theory of preschool development
phallic stage | pleasure derived from genitals
52
motor development of preschool age includes
``` dress/undress self with assistance go up and down the stairs without assistance draw shapes use utensils/drinking hop/stand on one foot for 5-10 seconds throw objects overhand catch a bounced ball draw stick figures use scissors brush teeth/use toilet swim/skip/bicycle ```
53
language characteristics of language skills for preschool age children
``` speak clearly comprehend rhyming use future tense state full name/address concrete/literal language ```
54
should the nurse ask the caregivers opinion without them influencing the childs response when it comes to pain
yes
55
what should you observe from a child when it comes to pain
facial expressions movement vocalization
56
s/s of pain in a child include
``` furrowed brow open mouth grimace lack of expression restlessness sleeping withdrawal wariness/fear of movement irritability/aggitation no vocalization to harsh/high pitched cry ```
57
instead of giving a child the choice to take a medication, what should you do
offer them a choice in what form they would like the medication
58
what pain scales are used in toddlers and preschoolders
``` FACES (Wong/Baker Faces Scale) CHEOPS (Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario) CHIPPS FLACC DEGR TPPPS ```
59
which pain scale provides versions in order to assess cultural pain differences
Oucher Scale
60
seperation anxiety is a normal stage and can range from what ages
8 months to 3 years
61
when does seperation anxiety peak
10 - 18 months
62
how can a parent reduce seperation anxiety
distract the child, say goodbye, and leave quickly the quicker you leave, the better practice leaving at home by going to another room and saying you will be back soon stay calm, be consistent, give reassurance that you will be back
63
when it comes to medication dosing in children, what is important to have
medication should have weight based dosing to provide an appropriate dose
64
do children have faster or slower metabolic rates
faster
65
at what age/weight should they receive a standard adult dose
14 years old | more than 50kg
66
childrens medication dose is based on
weight | size can vary with age
67
when giving Sub-Q medications, what can be used for pain
eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA)
68
how should EMLA be administered
``` assess for allergy apply large glob on the skin DO NOT RUB IN apply dressing over it advise parent to ensure it is not disturbed wipe before giving medication ```
69
how long should EMLA be in place for sub-q
45 minutes
70
how long should EMLA be in place for IM
2 hours
71
how long until EMLA begins to wear off
4 hours
72
cognitive development for adolescents Piagets theory includes
age 10-11: Concrete Operations | age 12 and older: Formal Operations
73
during the cognitive development of adolescents what occurs
``` analytic thinking abstract thinking concern for politics/social issues long term/set goals compares self with peers awareness of limitations able to predict outcomes/consequences ```
74
which gender is less likely to report abuse
males
75
what is given to all newborns
eyrhtomyocin vitamin K Hepatitis B vaccine
76
how many doses of hepatitis B is given and when
three doses birth, 1-2 months, 9-12 months if dose is missed, just continue, dont restart given before 2 years old
77
Hepatitis A Vaccine
given at 12 months old two doses given 6-18 months apart not given before 12 months
78
diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis vaccine (DTaP)
four dosses given 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 months final dose given between 4-6 years
79
what is DT for
for children younger than 7 years who cannot have the pertussis component
80
contraindication for Hepatitis B vaccine
hypersensitivity to yeast
81
situations with an ill child that require emergency medical intervention
``` difficulty breathing refusal to lie down cianosis of the lips fever associated with difficulty breathing/abnormal skin color fever with headache/stiff neck lethargy, withdrawn, unresponsive seizure activity rash that does not blanch rash that spreads quickly dehydration signs vomiting blood blood in stool ```
82
what age is hand, foot, and mouth disease most common
younger than 10 years
83
how long does it typically take hand foot and mouth disease to resolve
10 days
84
how is hand foot and mouth disease transmitted
direct contact droplet fecal/oral
85
s/s of hand foot and mouth disease
``` small vesicles in mouth, palms of hands/feet, genitalia and buttocks cold symptoms coryza fever sore throat ```
86
if sores in the mouth, what is good education for parents
give bland foods/drinks sprays/mouthwashes acetaminophen/ibuprofen for pain and fever
87
what does the Hepatitis A virus cause
inflammation and decreased liver function | more severe common in older children/adults
88
Hepatitis A is transmitted through
fecal/oral route | contaminated food
89
s/s of hepatitis A include
``` fever malaise poor appetite nausea jaundice abdominal pain dark urine CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 6 YEARS MAY HAVE NO SYMPTOMS ```
90
nursing interventions for hepatitis A
contact isolation if the child is incontinent with feces immune globulin can be given after exposure to prevent/reduce severity of the disease report to local health department
91
what can Hepatitis B cause
short term/long term liver dysfunction cirrhosis liver cancer CHRONIC
92
s/s of hepatitis B include
aching | malaise

OB/Peds Preceptored Exams (Sem 2) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions