Peds Flashcards
(197 cards)
1
Q
MC cause of bell’s palsy in kids?
A
Reactivation of HSV
2
Q
What other symps of juvenile ideopathic arthritis do you see besides arthritis?
A
Uveitis/spindle shaped finger joints/high spiking fever and rash
3
Q
Symps of S aureus scalded skin disease?
A
Tender skin/rash/desquamation/positive Nikolsky sign
4
Q
How should the wound of human bite be healed?
A
2nd intention (leave it open)
5
Q
How does pityriasis rosea present? tx?
A
Start with herald patch (oval patch) - then diffuse rash (christmas tree pattern on the back)
Usually self-limited
6
Q
How does seborrheic dermatitis present in kids and tx?
A
Greasy/scaly rash on the scalp
Emollient/nonmedicated shampoo
7
Q
What other symps would you see with Henoch-Scholein Purpura besides petechiae/kidney?
A
GI symps like colicky abd pain/melena
8
Q
What is Blount disease?
A
Bowleg (genu varum) over age of 2
9
Q
When does neonatal acne occur?
A
within 2 to 4 weeks of birth (due to maternal hormone)
10
Q
How does neonatal scabies present?
A
Pustules/can be all over the body
11
Q
Presentation of atopic dermatitis in kids and tx?
A
On extensor surface of arm/leg/neck
Topical emollient/steroid
12
Q
Tx of lice for infants?
A
Permetherin cream
13
Q
When does TB meningitis affect kids?
A
6 mo to 4 yr
14
Q
Persistent ear discharge, hearing loss on a child. What is it and what causes it?
A
Cholesteatoma (over growth of keratinized epithelium in middle ear
Cause by repeated otitis media (acquired) or congenital
15
Q
When does umbilical cord separate itself?
A
by 2 weeks
16
Q
Antidote for clonidine overdose?
A
Narcan
17
Q
Difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke
A
Heat exhaustion is precursor of heat stroke
Heat stroke pt has AMS
18
Q
What does inappropriate dilute formula would cause to the baby?
A
Hyponatremia leading to seizure
19
Q
Yellow white pustule, contain eosinophils on a neonate
A
Erythema toxicum
20
Q
Spotchy red rash that gets worse when crying or exercise
A
Salmon patch
21
Q
Small raised white dots on neonate
A
Milia
22
Q
Cold, white patch after exposure to cold/swollen corner of mouth after exposure to cold
A
Frostnip (precursor to frostbite)
Cold panniculitis
23
Q
6 year old boy with a painless limp
A
Legg Calve Perthes disease
24
Q
When should N acetylcystein be given to acetaminophen overdose pt?
A
Within 8 hours of ingestion
25
Difference in presentation between Kawasaki and Scarlet Fever
Strawberry tongue for both
Kawasaki: rash that includes palm and sole/cervical LAD
Scarlet Fever: rash that exclude palm and sole
26
Toddler with painless hematochezia, what is it?
Meckel's
27
MC causes of neonatal meningitis <7 days of birth, tx?
GBS and E.Coli
| Ampi and gent
28
What does iron overdoes cause?
GI symp/hematemesis/metabolic acidosis
29
Recurrent Giardis infx?
Think IgA deficiency--->XLA
30
What birth defects does PO retinoid cause?
Micro/anotia/CNS abnormality and many more
31
Neonate scalp rash + skeletal defect, think?
Langerhans cells histiocytosis
32
What causes atopic dermatitis (aka eczema)?
Hypersensitive reaction to common environmental irritant
33
What symp does neonatal lupus (from mother) present?
Heart block that can be irreversible
34
How would you decrease the chance of premie getting necrotizing enteroclitis?
Breastfeed
35
What supplement do SS pt need?
Folate for making more RBCs
36
What test can be used for DiGeorge syndrome?
Intradermal injection of Candida shown no response
37
Factor that would increase free unconjugated bilirubin
Hypoalbuminemia
38
When do you give varicella vaccine to the newborn baby?
If mother is diagnosed with chicken pox within 5 days before delivery and 2 days after delivery
39
How to differentiate maternal from baby Hgb?
Apt-Downey test
40
Baby born from DM mother experience ___ right after birth and then might also experience ___ after 48 hours
Hypoglycemia/hypocalcemia
41
Abd pain/scrotal swelling/purpura
Henoch Scholein Purpura
42
Presentation of HUS?
Bloody diarrhea/acute renal failure/hemolysis/thrombocytopenia
43
Kid comes in resp. distress, drooling, sit up and lean forward, what is it?
Epiglottitis
44
Cold baby after delivery causes?
Tachypnea
45
What might a fractured clavicle form?
A mass (callus) on the shoulder
46
What is cephalohematoma that crosses the midline, is it serious?
Subgaleal hemorrhage
| Yes, needs to be in ICU
47
Mother with preeclampsia might delivery a baby with ____ and ____
Hypoglycemia and polycythemia
48
Do Mongolian spots eventually go away?
Yes about 1-2 years
49
Can you give propranolol to a pregnant woman?
NO
50
What complications would IDM pt present? (one pul one GI)
RDS/small left colon syndrome
51
What test is used to test for complement deficiency?
CH50 assay
52
Recurrent abscess formation, which immunodeficiency? and what tests are used to detect it?
Chronic granulomatous disease
| Nitroblue/dihydrorhodamine 123
53
What is used to tx gonococcal conjunctivitis of neonate?
IV or IM ceftriaxone
54
What cardiac defect is associated with DiGeorge syndrome?
Truncus arteriosis
55
What does goat milk lack as a nutritional source for neonate?
Folate and iron
56
What complication does neonate with cleft lip and palate have?
recurrent otitis media and hearing loss
57
Neonate: distended abd, umbilical hernia, poor feeding, hoarse cry, what is it?
Congenital hypothryodism
58
What complication can transient tachypnea of the new born have?
Persistent pul HTN
59
What does congenital syphilis present?
Snuffles (rhinitis) and peeling rash
60
Black baby with polydactyl, concern?
NAH, white baby would be concerned though
61
What is Central Hypoventilation syndrome?
Respiratory arrest during sleep
62
Baby on day 2 has jaundice and generalized purpuric rash, what is it?
Neonatal sepsis
63
New born with bilious vomiting, what is it? and dx?
Midgut volvulus
| Upper GI series is diagnostics
64
Complications of oligohydraminos
Potter's sequence (facies deformaties)/pul hypoplasia
| b/l renal agensis
65
Diagnostic critieria for bacterial sinusitis
Persistent sinusitis over 10 days
Fever >39
URI with then worsening symp
66
Sandpaper like rash, pharyngitis, desquamation of the skin later, what is it?
Scarlet fever
67
Cyanosis within 24 hours of life, loud single S2 (no P2)
Transposition of the great vessels
68
Recurrent skin and periodontal infection, lack of purulence, increased neutrophils
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
69
What are the causes of nonbilious vomitting?
TE fistula/pyloric stenosis
70
Pt ingested a lot of pills, causing widen QRS and arrhythmia, what are the pills?
TCA
71
When should you start restrict calories for a child with congenital hypercholesterolemia?
Start at age 2
72
How does kawasaki present?
Rash that include the palm and sole/peeling from finger tips
| Nonpurulent conjunctivitis/increase platelet
73
Infant with congenital heart defect comes in with low grade fever, lethargy, weight loss, suspect what?
Infectious endocarditis
74
Situs inversus, nasal polyps and chronic sinopul infx, what is it?
Kartenager
75
What to do if an newborn's HR drops to 60?
chest compression
76
Vesicles on posterior oropharynx, pharyngitis, fever on a young child
Herpangina (Coxsackie A)
77
Tx for minimal change disease?
steroid
78
Why is there a murmur in tetralogy of fallot and why does squatting helps with cyanosis?
Murmur comes from right ventricular outflow obstruction and squatting increases systemic vascular resistance, promote more blood going into the lungs and lessens right outflow obstruction
79
What syndrome is associated with Hirschsprung disease?
Down syndrome
80
1 month old infant presents with jaundice, poor feeding and lethargy, temp 95. What should you suspect?
Sepsis
| Infant usually have fever or hypothermia (<96)
81
What 3 disease that causes rash that exclude palm and soles?
Scarlett fever, Rubella and measles
82
What syndrome is asssociated with Hirschsprung disease?
Down syndrome
83
Which leukemia tests positive for PAS, TdT, and auer rod?
PAS and TdT - ALL
| Auer rod - AML
84
Presentation of Edward syndrome
Trisomy 18 - overlapping fingers, undersized jaw, rock bottom feet, VSD
85
Difference in presentation between orbital and periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis?
Orbital cellulitis - infection posterior of orbital septum/affect vision
Periorbital cellulite - infection anterior of orbital septum/does not affect vision
86
What is and how does serum sickness reaction happen?
1 week after penicillin or sulfa drugs
| Presents with fever, hive, poly arthritis
87
What tests are used to confirm lead poisoning?
Finger prick first then with venous lead measurement
88
MC cause of congenital aplastic anemia?
Fanconi anemia
89
Symps associated with DiGeorge syndrome?
```
CATCH
Cardiac (truncus arteriosus)
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcemia
```
90
What characteristics do you see for muconium ileus?
Obstruction at the level of ileum
Viscous muconium
Micro colon
91
MC cardiac defect of Down Syndrome
Complete AV septal defect (ASD/VSD/common AV vale)
92
What do you hear for Ebstein anomaly? and what syndrome does it associated with?
S1/S2/S3 and or S4
| WPW
93
Age of functional asplenia in SS children?
Age 5
94
Timeline for gonococcal and chlamydia infection of the newborn
Purulent eye discharge from day 2-5 days - Gonococcal
| 5-14 days - Chlamydia
95
What gross motor skill does a 18 mo old have?
Running
96
When dose symps appear for newborn with coarction of aorta?
After day 3 when the ductus arteriosus is closed
97
What to use to treat lyme disease for a kid under 8?
Amoxicillin
98
When do kids get RSV bronchiolitis?
Under 2 year old
99
Tx for tinea captis and corporis?
PO antifungal like griseofulvin
| Topical antifungal like clotrimazole
100
What murmur do you hear from Tetralogy of fallot and hypoplastic left heart syndrome pt?
Harsh, systolic murmur at left upper sternal boarder/single S2
And no murmur can be heard
101
Are cyanosis of hand and feet normal in a newborn?
Yes
102
What cardiac problem does IDM pt?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
103
MC complication of pt with SS trait?
Hematuria
104
MC predisposing factor of orbital cellulitis?
Bacterial sinusitis
105
What does too much cow milk do to little kid?
Constipation/iron deficiency anemia
106
Follicular conjunctivitis and neovasculazation of the eye
Trachoma
107
Do you see any constitutional symps with osteosarcoma?
Nah
108
When do you need to do renal u/s on kids?
Recurrent febrile UTI or febrile UTI under 2 year old
109
What does the white reflex of retinoblastoma called?
Leukocoria
110
What is the RDW of iron deficiency anemia?
Increased
111
What does McCune-Albright syndrome present?
Three Ps
Precocious puberty
Pigmentation
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (bone defect)
112
What is Osgood-Schlatter syndrome?
Traction apophysitis
113
What is the pathological finding of the live in Reye syndrome?
Microvaacular fatty infiltrate and mitochondria dysfunction
114
When do you take out the balls for androgen insensitive syndrome girls?
After puberty
115
Difference between XLA and common variable immunodeficiency?
XLA has decreased B cells and CVI has normal B cell count
116
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, widened mediastinum, what is it?
ALL (blast >25%)
117
What is the relationship between ferritin and TIBC?
They are always reversed
118
What else can predispose necrotizing enteroclitis?
Congenital heart disease--->GI hypoperfusion
| Enteral feeding
119
Pathophysiology of acute chest syndrome of SS?
No blood going to the lungs
120
B/l lower extremity pain, mainly at night, everything else is normal, kid is from 2-12 year old
Growing pain
121
What else can predispose necrotizing enteroclitis?
Congenital heart disease--->GI hypoperfusion
122
What is the male Turner syndrome and what cardiac defect does it have?
Noonan Syndrome
| Pulmonic stenosis
123
What cardiac defect do you see in pt with Ehlers-Danlo syndrome?
MVP
124
Tx for prolonged QT syndrome?
beta blocker and pacemaker
125
Tx for impetigo?
Topical mupirocin
126
IDM infant with breathing difficulty, normal CXR, what test to order and what causes it?
Phrenic nerve injury from being a big baby
| Chest u/s would reveal elevated hemidiaphragm
127
Complete white out on one side of the lung on CXR, what are you thinking?
empyema
128
Kid with recurrent cough/dyspnea/hemoptysis what are you thinking?
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
129
Lethal complication of staph pneumonia
tension pneumothorax
130
A couple of days of croup symps and then spiking fever with increase resp. difficulty, what is it?
Bacterial tracheitis
131
What is the #1 priority in kids with epiglottitis?
Secure airway
132
What does congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation cause?
Cyst in the lung--->pul hypoplasia--->push the heart to the other side
resp. distress
133
A 4 week old baby with afebrile pneumonia, what organism?
Chlamydia
134
Tx progression for asthma pt from mild to moderate to worst
Short acting beta agonist--->add inhaled steroid--->add long acting beta agonist
135
Would you hypo or hyperventilate during tension pneumothorax?
Hypoventilation
136
Kids with chronic night time abd pain and GI bleed, what is it?
PUD
137
What is the MC cause of malrotation?
Malposition of cecum
138
Characteristics of ulcerative colitis
In colon with continual lesion/p-ANCA/bloody diarrhea/toxic megacolon/lead pipe
139
A 3 year old with chronic constipation without encopresis, think?
Hirschsprung disease
140
CF pt with fever, jaundice, n/v and RUQ pain
Gallstone
141
Tx for baby with GERD that has is ASX?
Small feeds and thicken the formula
142
Diarrhea, abd pain and weight lost, think what chronic GI disease?
Crohn's disease
143
Test for lactose intolerance, and what is the pH of that of the stool?
Hydrogen breath test
| acidic
144
What is definition obstructive jaundice?
direct bilirubin greater than 20% of total bilirubin
145
What kind of inguinal hernia does premie baby most often present, and what is its cause?
Indirect
| Incomplete closure of processus vaginalis
146
Vitamin C deficiency manifestation in children?
Diffuse tenderness especially in legs
147
Preferred dx for GERD in infant?
Esophageal pH probe
148
tx for female children with fused labia minora?
Topical estrogen
149
What is prune belly syndrome?
in boys/Lax/wrinkled belly/undecented testes/club feet/volvulus
150
Kids with hematemesis and hematuria, suspect?
Goodpasture
151
Kids with lung problem (dyspnea) and liver problem, suspect?
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
152
Young child presents with chronic large urine output/thirst despite fluid restriction, suspect?
Congenital central nephrogenic DI
153
How are VUR managed?
Grade I/II --- low dose daily abx
| Grade V ---- surgical reimplantation
154
Kid with pyelonephritis with prolonged fever, CT showed renal wedge shaped infarction, what is it and what's the tx?
Acute lobar nephronia
| Prolonged abx tx
155
What does orchiopexy prevent in children with cryptorcidism?
Testicular torsion
| It does not reduce cancer (too bad)
156
The etiology and presentation of renal vein thrombosis in newborn?
IDM/polycythemia
| Presents with hematuria/enlarged kidney
157
Pathophysiology of pul edema and HTN in acute glomerulonephritis kids?
Oliguria causes retention of fluid -- restrict fluid
| Acute HTN is common in glomerulonephritis kids
158
Tx for HUS?
Supportive
| Abx might worsens the symp
159
Etiology and presentation of vulvovaginitis in children?
Dysuria/foul discharge
| Caused by tight clothing/bubble bath
160
"bag of worm" above a testicle, suspect
Varicocele (dilation of spermatic vein)
161
When dose hydrocele normal go away in a neonate?
By 1 year
162
What is the electrolyte abnormality in Bartter Syndrome?
Hypokalemia
163
How does death occur with Reye syndrome?
Cerebral edema and herniation
164
Kid with AMS and fever, suspect?
Meningitis
| Do LP
165
What is the tx for newborn who's exposed to pertussis?
Regardless of the immune status of the mother
| give the newborn erythromycin
166
Normal appearing kid with high fever 104, left shift WBC (increase band), what is it?
Pneumococcal bacteremia
167
How does dacryocystitis present?
Infxn of nasolacrimal sac
Welling near the punctum and drainage
self-limiting
168
How long does the rubella rash usually last
3 days
169
What is rabies post exposure ppx?
Ig and vaccines
170
What kinds of infxn you wouldnt see in XLA pts?
Viral or fungal
171
What is the IgA/E/M level in Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome?
decrease IgM/increase IgA/E low T-cells
172
What to do with pt with SS that has a stroke?
Urgent blood transfusion
173
See increased HbA2 and anemia?
Beta-thal minor
174
infxn every 3 weeks, what is it and tx?
Cyclic neutropenia
| rhG-CSF
175
When do you see spherocytes in blood smear?
Hereditary spherocytosis/G6PD deficiency/ABO incompatibility
176
What factor is increased in DIC?
Fibrin split products
177
A young child presents with painless LAD and a mediastinal mass, what cancer should you be thinking?
Hodgkin's lymphoma
178
How does hereditary spherocytosis present at birth and later in life?
Anemia/hyperbilirubinemia
| Gallstone
179
Erlenmeyer flask bone deformity, what is it?
Gaucher disease
180
What is a worrisome complication of neonatal thyrotoxicosis?
Heart failure
181
How galactosemia present on neonate?
Cataracts/jaundice/E. coli sepsis
182
What would the bone age/height age/chronological age be for a kid with constitutional short statue?
Bone = height age
| both smaller than chronological age
183
What are the physical deformities/Ca and PO4 level of pseudohypoparathyrodisim?
Shortened 4th and 5th digits
Short statue
low Ca/high PO4
184
What is the Ca/PO4 level in rickets pt?
Normal/low
185
What does aldosterone's affect on electrolytes?
Increase reabsorption of Na and increase excretion of potassium
186
What are the presentation of homocystinuria?
Downward lens subluxuation/ marfanoid habitus/stroke/MI
187
TB meningitis has similar findings on CSF fluid with what other infection?
Fungal
188
Kids with cardiac defect develop sudden CNS symps, what is it?
brain abscess
189
MC type of brain tumors for kids under 1, 1-10 and above 10?
Supratentorial <1
Infratentiorial 1-10
Supratentiorial >1
190
What is the first symptom of botulinum in newborn?
Constipation
191
Guillain-Barre finding on CSF?
Isolated elevation of protein
192
DMD has characteristics of Gower sign and what else?
Increased lordosis
193
Return to play concussion grades?
Grade 1 - no LOC, return to baseline <15mins - return to play
Grade 2 - no LOC, confusion, return to baseline >15mins - no games for a week
Grade 3 - LOC - immediate hospital visit
194
Lift balls relieve pain, what is it?
Epididymitis
195
18 year old girl with painful lower abd, tender adnexal mass, what is it?
Tubo ovarian abscess - PID
196
Two scenarios:
Painless ulcer followed by draining LAD
Painful ulcer with draining LAD
Lymphogranuloma venereum
| Chancroid
197
What is skier's thumb?
ulnar collateral ligment tear when you fall on outstretched hand with the ski pole underneath your thumb
