Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

step 2 ck > PEDS > Flashcards

PEDS Flashcards

1
Q

acute otitis media vs otitis media with effusion

A

OME can be distinguished from AOM by the lack of acute inflammatory signs (fever, bulging, TM immobility)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

loss of the paternal copy of 15q11

loss of the maternal copy of 15q 11?

A

loss of paternal = prader willi

loss of maternal = angelmans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

drooling + tripod
dx?
org?

A

epiglottitis

HiB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

kawasaki dz tx?

complication?

A

ivig + aspirin

coronary artery aneurysms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

normal RR and HR for babies

A

rr 40-60

hr 120-160

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

low apgar score does not

A

predict future wellbeing/cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

apgar scoring

A

appearance 0 blue, 1 blue extremities, 2 pink
pulse 0 <60, 1 60-100, 2 >100
grimace 0 no response, 1 grimace, 2 sneeze/cough
activity 0 no tone, 1 some flexion, 2 active movement
respiration 0 absent, 1 weak/irregular, 2 strong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
neonate conjunctivitis
day 1
day 2-7
day 7+
3 weeks +
A

1 chemical irritation (due to silver nitrate)
2-7 N gonorrhoeae
7+ chlamydia
3weeks herpes simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why do we give neonates IM vitamin K at birth

A

gut is not colonized yet so e coli is not producing enough vitamin K to make clotting factors 2 7 9 and 10 + protein c and s

prevents VKDB (hemorrhagic disease of the newborn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PKU

A

AR deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase
mental retardation

tx: diet low in phenylalanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cause of cretinism?

A

congenital hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

all neonates get what: hep B vaccine or immunoglobulin

A

all get vaccine

those who have HBsAg positive mothers will get immunoglobulin as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

if transient tachypnea of the newborn last longer than 4 hours…

A

consider it sepsis and get blood and urine cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

caput succedaneum vs cephalohematoma

A

caput does cross suture lines vs cephalohematoma that does NOT cross suture lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is risk factor for brachial plexus injury?

A

macrosomic infants of diabetic mothers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

differentiate klumpke vs erbs palsy

A

klumpke - c7-T1, claw hand + horners syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis)

duchenne erb - C5-C6, waiters tip, unable to abduct or externally rotate or supinate

tx for both immobilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causes of polyhydramnios

A 
fetus not swallowing
werdnig hoffman (neurological)
intestinal atresias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

causes of oligohydramnios

A

fetus cannot urinate
prune belly (lack of abdominal muscles)
renal agenesis (ass with potter syndrome)
flat facies from compression of face with low amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mc cause of an elevated AFP

what two conditions does it otherwise indicate?

A

incorrect dating

neural tube defect or abdominal wall defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

omphalocele vs gastrischisis

what is elevated?

A

omphalocele has a sac covering (failure of the sac to retract)

gastroschisis has NO sac and is due to wall defect lateral to midline

AFP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

tx for omphalocele?

what is omphalocele associated with?

A

surgical replacement

w edwards syndrome tri 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

umbilical hernia is associated with what congenital issue?

mech?

A

congenital hypothyroidism

weakeness of the lateral rectus abdominis muscles

must repair after age 4 if it hasnt spontaneously closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tx for gastroschisis

A

slow return to abdomen (gradual surgical closure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mc kids abdominal mass?

A

wilms tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
WAGR syndrome
wilms tumor (hemihypertrophy of kidney) aniridia genitourinary malformations retardation
26
mc cancer in childhood?
neuroblastoma will see jerky eye movements and elevated VMA and metanephrines
27
hydrocele vs varicocele
hydrocele - painless, transilluminates, within scrotum, self resolves varicocele - swelling of pampiniform plexus, dull ache and heavy scrotum, bag of worms sensation, dx with U/S, often on BOTH sides
28
cryptorchidism
absence of one testicle in the scrotum and is usually in the inguinal canal tx with orchiopexy after age 1 to avoid sterility
29
hypospadias vs epispadias
hypo - ventral opening of the urethra, ass with inguinal hernias and cryptorchidism, DO NOT CIRCUMCISE until srgical correction epi - dorsal urethral opening, ass with urinary incontinence, ass with bladder exstrophy, tx w surgery
30
normal babinski reflex in babies
extension of toes
31
kid with hx of exercise intolerance (cyanosis) and squatting to relieve
tet spells = tetralogy of fallot overriding aorta pulmonary stenosis RV hypertrophy VSD presents with cyanosis, holosystolic murmur LLSB, squatting to decrease right to left shunting and increased sats, boot shaped heart
32
in transposition of the great vessels, no oxygenation can occur without...
a patent ductus arteriosus, ASD, or VSD
33
what is given to keep PDA open
prostaglandin E1 | indomethacin / NSAIDs are A NO GO because they will close it
34
gray cyanosis + absent pulses
hypoplastic left heart syndrome cxr = globular shaped heart
35
what do patient develop in first 4 months in truncus arteriosus?
pulmonary htn
36
total anomalous pulmonary venous return
no venous return between the pulomonary veins and the left atrium --> oxy blood returns to the SVC obstruction may or may not be present (angle at which the veins enter) without obstruction presents later (1-2yo) with right heart failure and tachypnea
37
eisenmenger syndrome
left to right shunt due to a vsd reverses into a right to left shunt due to RV hypertrophy
38
all 5 cyanotic heart defects feature what
R to L shunt
39
high pitched holosystolic murmur over LLSB
VSD
40
FIXED WIDE SPLITTING OF S2?
ASD
41
how long into life is a PDA "normal"
up to 12 hours
42
machine like murmur + wide pulse pressure + bounding pulses
PDA
43
rib notching?
coarctation of the aorta
44
coarctation of the aorta is associated with what sex abnormality?
turners syndrome (wide neck, shield chest, streak gonads, horseshoe kidney)
45
consider phototherapy for bilirubinemia if it rises to...
20-25 mg/dL
46
common complication with a tracheoesophageal fistuladistal esophagus
aspiration pneumonia
47
most common type of TEF
Esophageal atresia with distal TEF (blind esophagus + trachea that opens up into two bronchi and 1 distal esophagus
48
donut sign? string sign?
donut = intussusseption string = pyloris stenosis
49
olive sign?
pyloric stenosis
50
best initial and most accurate tests for pyloric stenosis?
best initial = abd U/S | most accurate = upper GI series
51
choanal atresia
born with membrane between nostrils and pharyngeal space that prevents breathing during feeding blue when feeding and pink when crying dx with CT scan
52
CHARGE syndrome
``` coloboma of the eye heart defect choanal atresia retardation of growth or development genitourinary abnormalities ear abnormalities or deafness ```
53
hirschprung disease is associated with
down syndrome
54
hirshprungs
lack of innervation in distal colon dont pass meconium in first 48 hours dstended bowel loops with lack of air in the rectum and high pressure in anal sphincters dx with full thickness biopsy = lack of ganglionic cells in the submucosa
55
imperforate anus is associated with
down syndrome
56
VACTERYL syndrome
``` vertebral abnormalities anal atresia cardiovascular abnormality TEF esophageal atresia renal anomalies limb abnormalities ```
57
double bubble sign
duodenal atresia
58
duodenal atresia mech? dx?
lack or absence of apoptosis for canalization of the lumen of the cxr = double bubble
59
best initial tx for volvulus
endoscopic decompression
60
curant jelly...seen in which two settings?
currant jelly sputum = klebsiella pneumonia | currant jelly stool = intussusseption
61
intussusception best dx? tx?
ultrasound is best initial dx = doughnut sign with hypoechoic and echogenic bands (mucosa and submucosa) barium enema is dx and tx = most accurate test BUT contraindicated in perforation or peritonitis
62
reccurence rate of intussusception
10% occur again in 24 hours
63
painless bright red blood per rectum in male kid under age 2 dx?
meckels diverticulum ( a true diverticulum) dx with meckels scan (technetium 99)
64
rules of 2s
for meckels diverticulum ``` affects 2% of population occurs 2 feet from ileocecal valve affects 2 types of tissues (gastric and pancreatic) males are 2x more affected patient <2 yo 2 inches long ```
65
when air is seen in the wall of the bowel in a sick patient....
nectrotizing enterocolitis! CT is NOT necessary after xrays,,,,just start antibiotics!! then give IV fluids
66
metabolic findings in infants of diabetic mothers
hypoglycemia hypocalcemia hypomagnesemia hyperbilirubinemia
67
CAH three types
17alpha hydraxylase def -- no cortisol or sex hormones = lots of aldosterone, HTN 21 hydroxylase def -- lots of sex hormones NO aldosterone or cortisol + HYPOTENSION, virilized 11beta-hydroxylase def -- you get some deoxycorticosterone but not aldosterone, no cortisol, yes sex hormones, virilized, HTN
68
beading of the ribs and genu varum
rickets (vit D deficiency)
69
kartagener syndrome is characterized by...
infertility and situs inversus
70
tx for neonatal sepsis
amp and gent
71
presentation,dx,and tx of toxoplasmosis
chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus and multiple ring enhancing lesions onCT most accurate dx is PCR pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
72
presentation,dx,and tx of neonatal syphilis
rash on palms and soles, snuffles, frontal bossing, hutchinson eighth nerve palsy, and saddle nose beat initial is VDRL or RPR; most accurate is FTA abs or darkfield microscopy penicillin
73
presentation,dx,and tx neonatal rubella
PDA, cataracts, deafness, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, blueberry muffin rash, hyperbili maternal IgM status supportive
74
presentation,dx,and tx of neonatal CMV
periventricular calcifications, microencephaly, chorioretinitis, hearing loss and petechiae urine or saliva PCR is most accurate ganciclovir when signs of end organ damage
75
presentation,dx,and tx and herpes
week 1 shock and dic, week 2 vesicles on skin, week 3 encephalitis most accurate PCR, initial tzanck smear tx acyclovir
76
cough, conjunctivitis, and coryza (stuffy nose) + muscosa koplik spots (gray macule)
paramyxovirus (rubeola/measles)
77
croup
steeple signs on cxr + barky cough, and inspiratory stridor due to parainfluenza give rac epi if severe/respiratory distress
78
epiglottitis
h influenza b (Hib) hot potato voice + fever and tripod drooling + thumbprint sign INTUBATE!
79
galactosemia
neonate with bilateral cataracts, failure to thrive, jaundice, and hypoglycemia galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency
80
biggest risk factor for intraventricular hemorrhage of newborn
prematurity
81
doll face and seizures/hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis
glycogen accumulation in von gierke dz ( glucose 6 phosphotase deficiency)

step 2 ck (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions