PEDs development Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
Based on an infants visual development, how far away should you hold a high contrast toy from their face?
A
10 inches
2
Q
What is the onset and integration age for the rooting reflex?
A
birth (28 weeks) to 3 months
3
Q
What is the onset and integration age for the suck-swallow reflex?
A
birth (28 weeks) to 2-5 months
4
Q
What is the onset and integration age for the traction reflex?
(complete flexion of upper extremity e.g. when pulling forearms to sit)
A
birth (28 weeks) to 2-5 months
5
Q
What is the onset and integration age for the moro reflex?
A
birth (28 weeks) to 2-5 months
6
Q
What is the onset and integration age for the plantar grasp reflex?
A
birth (28 weeks) to 9 months
7
Q
What is the onset and integration age for the galant reflex?
A
birth (32 weeks) to 2 months
8
Q
What is the onset and integration age for ATNR ?
A
birth to 4-6 months
9
Q
What is the onset and integration age for palmar grasp reflex?
A
birth to 4-6 months
10
Q
What is the onset and integration age for tonic labyrinthine reflex?
A
birth to 6 months
11
Q
What is the onset and integration age for the landau reflex?
A
3-4 months to 12-24 months
12
Q
What is the onset and integration age for STNR?
A
4-6 months to 8-12 months
13
Q
What is the onset and integration age for NOB righting?
A
4-6 months to 5 years
14
Q
What is the onset and integration age for BOB righting?
A
4-6 months to 5 years
15
Q
What is the age of onset for labyrinthine (head) righting?
A
begins birth to 2 months
16
Q
What is the age of onset for protective extension downward (downward parachute)?
A
begins at 4 months
17
Q
What is the age of onset for protective extension forward (forward parachute)?
A
begins at 6-9 months
18
Q
What is the age of onset for protective extension sideward (sideward parachute)?
A
begins at 7 months
19
Q
What is the age of onset for protective extension backward (backward parachute)?
A
begins at 9-10 months
20
Q
What is the age of onset for prone tilting?
A
begins at 5 months
21
Q
What is the age of onset for supine tilting?
A
begins at 7-8 months
22
Q
What is the age of onset for sitting tilting?
A
begins at 7-8 months
23
Q
What is the age of onset for quadruped tilting?
A
begins at 9-12 months
24
Q
What is the age of onset for standing tilting?
A
begins at 12-21 months
25
When does a child begin to cross midline?
begins at 9-12 months
26
When is dominant handedness expected to be stable?
~5 years old however preferences can be observed sooner
27
When does bilateral integration begin?
begins at 9-12 months
28
At what age will a child visually attend to an object but make no attempt to grasp it?
3 months
29
At what age would you expect raking and contacting an object?
6 months
30
At what age does a child demonstrate an inferior scissors grasp (raking object into palm adducted with fingers and thump flexed, or 2 partially extended fingers)?
7 months
31
At what age does a child typically demonstrate a scissors grasp?
8 months
32
At what age does a child demonstrate an inferior pincer grasp?
9 months
33
At what age does a child typically demonstrate a pincer grasp?
10 months
34
At what age does a child typically demonstrate a fine pincer grasp?
12 months
35
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to bear weight on forearms
0-2 months
36
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to shift weight on forearms and reach forward?
5-6 months
37
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to have airplane posturing (chest and thighs lift off surface)?
5-8 months
38
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to get from prone to sitting?
6-11 months (usually between 7-8 months)
39
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to hold head in midline?
3-4 months
40
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to no longer have head lag when pulling to sit?
4-5 months
41
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to lift head independently?
5-6 months
42
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to reach for a toy with one or both hands?
5-6 months
43
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to roll from supine to sidelying?
3-4 months
44
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to roll from supine to prone and prone to supine?
5-6 months
45
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to roll segmentally?
6-14 months
46
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to begin to crawl on belly (commando crawl)?
7 months
47
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to reciprocal creep?
7-10 months
48
When is it developmentally appropriate for a child to creep well?
11-12 months
49
At what age will a child be able to sit alone momentarily and use arms to prop while sitting?
5-6 months
50
At what age can a child be expected to play with toys while in a sitting position?
5-10 months
51
At what age will a child be able to rotate upper body while lower body remains stationary (e.g. twisting to reach for toy)
7-8 months
52
When can a typically developing child sit alone (without support)?
8-10 months
53
At 9-18 months, how might you expect a child to rise from supine?
by first rolling to stomach then pushing up into 4 point position
54
At what age are trunk control and equilibrium responses fully developed in sitting position?
11-12 months
55
At what age will a child achieve sitting position from supine by first rolling to side then pushing up?
11-24 months
56
At what age can you expect a child to begin bouncing weight on legs in standing (while supported)?
5-6 months
57
At what age can a child stand while holding onto furniture?
5-10 months
58
When will a child pull to standing position at furniture?
6-12 months
59
At what age will a child pull to stand using only legs (no longer needs arms)?
9-13 months
60
At what age does a child cruise sideways?
8 months
61
At what age can a typically developing child walk with two hands held?
8-18 months
62
When can a child start and stop in walking?
15 months
63
At what age can a typically developing child cruise around on furniture, turning slightly in desired direction?
9-10 months
64
At what age does a typically developing child take few independent steps but still falls easily?
9-17 months
65
At what age can a typically developing child walk with only one hand held?
11 months
66
At what age can a typically developing child walk well with seldom falls?
18 months
67
What is the expect grasping skill at 0-1 months?
No release; grasp reflex is strong
68
At what age will a child involuntarily release?
1-4 months
69
At what age will you observe mutual fingering in midline?
4 months
70
At what age will a child transfer objects from hand to hand?
4-8 months
71
At what age will a child complete a two step transfer (taking hand grasps before releasing hand lets go)
5-6 months
72
At what age will a child complete a one stage transfer (taking hand and releasing hand perform action simultaneously)?
6-7 months
73
At what age will a child demonstrate volitional release?
7-9 months
74
At what age will you observe release of an object above a surface with wrist flexion?
8 months
75
Is wrist flexion or extension expected in a matured grasp/release skill?
Wrist extension will develop once grasp and release skills have matured to precise and controlled release
76
At what age can you expect a child to release into a container with wrist straight?
9-10 months
77
At what age does a child press down on a surface to help facilitate release of an object?
7-10 months
78
At what age would you expect to see a clumsy release into a container and/or hand resting on edge of container to release?
10-14 months
79
At what age can you expect a precise and controlled release into a small container?
12-15 months
80
At what age will you see an emerging palmar grasp, often times as an ulnar palmar grasp?
4-5 months
81
At what age is a palmar grasp developmentally appropriate?
5 months
82
At what age will you expect to a child to use a radial palmar grasp?
6 months
83
At what age would a child demonstrate a radial palmar grasp with a straight wrist?
7 months
84
At what age is a radial-digital grasp developmentally appropriate?
8 months
85
At what age is a radial-digital grasp with wrist extended developmentally appropriate?
9 months
86
At what age do hand manipulation skills emerge?
18-24 months
87
At what age will a child use both hands for various functions?
12-18 months
88
At what age will a child use two different hands for two different functions?
emerges at 2.5 years old
89
What age is a child able to demonstrate finger to palm translation (e.g picking up coins)?
12-15 months
90
What age is a child able to demonstrate palm to finger translation (e.g. placing coins in a slot)?
2 to 2.5 years old
91
Describe the manipulation skill "shift"
linear movement of an object on the finger surfaces to allow for repositioning of object relative to finger pads.
examples:
- separating two pieces of paper (3-5 years)
- rolling a piece of clay into a ball (3-6 years)
- shifting on a writing utensil (5-6 years)
92
At what age can a child complete simple rotation (e.g. unscrewing a small bottle cap)?
2-2.5 years
93
At what age can a child complete complex rotation?
6-7 years
94
What is the difference between simple rotation and complex rotation?
- simple rotation is 90 degrees or less
| - complex rotation is 360 degrees
95
At what age will a typically developing child be able to demonstrate in-hand manipulation with stabilization (e.g holding items on the ulnar side of hand while picking up more objects with thumb and forefinger) ?
6-7 years
96
Describe the pre-writing skills/grasp pattern used from 1-3 years of age.
- Palmar-supinate grasp: 1 to 1.5 years old
| - Digital-pronate grasp: 2-3 years old
97
Describe the pre-writing skills/grasp pattern used from 3-6 years of age
- Static tripod: 3.5 to 4 years old
| - Dynamic tripod 4.5 to 6 years old
98
Describe scissor skills of a 2-3 year old
- shows an interest in scissors
- holds and snips with scissors
- opens and closes scissors in a controlled fashion
99
Describe the scissor skills of a 3-4 year old
- able to manipulate scissors in a forward motion
- coordinates the lateral direction of the scissors
- cuts a straight, forward line
- cuts simple geometric shapes
- cuts circles (3.5-4.5 years old)
100
At what age can a child cut simple figure shapes?
4-6 years
101
At what age can a child cut complex figure shapes?
6-7 years
102
According to Erikson, what occurs at stage 1?
Basic Trust versus Mistrust
(birth to 18 months)
survival needs will be met, hope is integrated
103
According to Erikson, what occurs at stage 2?
Autonomy versus Doubt
( 2-4 years)
child realizes they can control bodily functions, self controlled will is integrated into personality
104
According to Erikson, what occurs at stage 3?
Initiative versus Guilt
(preschool age)
child gains social skills and gender role identity, sense of purpose is integrated into personality
105
According to Erikson, what occurs at stage 4?
Industry versus Inferiority
(elementary school age)
child gains sense of security through peers and mastery over age appropriate activities, feelings of competency are integrated into personality
106
According to Erikson, what occurs at stage 5?
Self-identity versus Role Confusion
(adolescence)
teens make choices about adult roles and with the resolution of this crisis comes a sense of fidelity or membership with society.
107
According to Erikson, what occurs at stage 6?
Intimacy and Solidarity versus Isolation
(young adulthood)
establishes and intimate relationship with a partner and family, capacity to love is achieved
108
According to Erikson, what occurs at stage 7?
Generativity versus Self-absorption
(middle adulthood)
finds security in the contribution of their chosen personal/professional roles, capacity to care is achieved
109
According to Erikson, what occurs at stage 8?
Integrity versus Despair
(maturity, older adulthood)
reflects on own value and shares with the younger generation the knowledge gained, wisdom is acquired.
110
What is included in the most important level according to Maslow?
Basic survival needs: Food, water, rest, warmth, etc.
111
Place the following in order of importance according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
Self esteem, self actualization, safety, love and belonging, physiological
starting with most important:
| Physiological, safety, love and belonging, self esteem, self actualization
112
Describe the stages of the sensorimotor period (birth to 2 years) according to Piaget.
1- reflexive stage (1 months)
2- primary circular reactions (2-4 months)
3- secondary circular reactions (5-8 months)
4- coordination of secondary schemata (9-12 months)
5- tertiary circular reactions (12-18 months)
6- inventions through mental combinations (18-24 months)
113
Describe the progression of pre-conceptual to intuitive thought during the pre-operational phase according to Piaget.
vocabulary expands in pre-conceptual (2-4 yrs) and child progresses to intuitive thought phase (4-7 years). Child will shift from dependence on perception and egocentric orientation to logical thought for problem solving. Child will enjoy symbolic and verbal play.
114
At what age is a child in concrete operational thinking according to Piaget?
7-11 years old
| child will enjoy games with rules which helps adjust to social demands
115
At what age is an individual in formal operations per Piaget?
11 years old through adolescence
| able to use hypothetical thinking, can analyze and plan
116
What are the 4 categories of play? What ages are they appropriate for?
- Exploratory play (0-2 years)
- Symbolic play (2-4 years)
- Creative play (4-7 years)
- Games (7-12 years)
117
Describe progression of play partners/situations from 0- 12 years
0-2 mostly with caregivers
2-4 mostly parallel play
4-7 participates in cooperative peer groups
7-12 cooperative peer groups with a growing interest in competition
118
At what age will a child develop object permanence?
6-9 months
119
When does a child begin to use trial and error to problem solve?
12-15 months
120
At what age can a child match objects by shape?
21-24 months
121
At what age can we expect a typically developing child to build a tower with 9 cubes, organize objects by size, and build a structure by mental image?
36-48 months (3-4 years)
122
At what age is munching present in a typically developing child?
4-5 months
123
At what age is diagonal jaw movement present in a typically developing child?
7-8 months
124
At what age would you expect to see lateral tongue movements during feeding?
9 months
125
At what age is rotary chewing developed?
12 months
126
At what age can a child self feed soft table foods (e.g. macaroni, peas, dry cereal)?
9-13 months
127
At what age will a child be able to bring spoon to mouth but spills food from inverting spoon?
12-14 months
128
At what age will a child demonstrate interest in using a fork, may just stab at food, has mastered the spoon?
24-30 months
129
At what age is a child able to scoop and bring spoon contents to mouth?
15-18 months
130
At what age can a child pull off shoes and remove socks?
1 year
131
At what age will a child remove shoes with laces untied and find armholes in pullover shirt?
2 years
132
At what age will a child pull-down pants with elastic waist and unbutton large buttons?
2.5 years
133
At what age will a child independently pull down pants, sip and unzip jacket once on track, and button large front buttons?
3 years
134
At what age will a child be able to unzip jacket and separate zipper, snap or hook front fastener?
3.5 years
135
At what age will a child be able to remove pullover garment independently, buckle shoes or belt, and zip jacket zipper?
4 years
136
At what age can a child dress independently ?
5 years
137
At what age can a child close a back zipper and tie bows?
6 years
138
At what age will a typically developing child begin to indicate discomfort when wet or soiled?
1 year
139
At what age will a child be able to go to bathroom independently but may need assistance with wiping or difficult clothing?
3 years
140
At what age will a child be independent in toileting?
4-5 years
141
At what age can a child help to dry dishes, wipe up spills, carry things without dropping, and dust?
3 years
142
At what age can you expect a child to help with sorting laundry?
4 years
143
At what age can you expect a child to make a sandwich, take out the trash, make a bed?
5 years
144
Identify 2 developmental assessments for neonates?
- Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior (APIB)
| - Neurological Assessment of Preterm and Full term Newborn Infants (NAPFI)
145
Name at least 4 assessments used for overall development (Peds)
- Denver Developmental Screening tests
- Bayley Scales of Infant Development 3rd edition (BSID-III)
- FirstSTEP Screening Test for Evaluating Preschoolers
- Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP)
- Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP)
- Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI)
146
Name 4 peds motor assessments
- Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2)
- Erhardt Developmental Prehension Assessment (EDPA)
- Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2)
- Toddler and Infant Motor Evaluation (TIME)
147
Identify at least 4 Visual Motor and Visual Perception peds assesments
- Beery-Buktenical Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI)
- Developmental Test of Visual Perception (DTVP-2)
- Erhardt Developmental Vision Assessment (EDVA)
- Preschool Visual Motor Integration Assessment (PVMIA)
- Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT-4)
- Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, Vertical (MVPT-V)
- Test of Visual-Motor Skills (TVMS)
- Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (TVPS4)
148
What is the purpose and population for the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)?
- Determines the severity of Autism and distinguishes children with autism from children with developmental delays who do not have autism.
- for children >2 years old
149
What is sensory modulation?
regulation of responses in relation to external stimuli.
| Often described as underreactivity or overreactivity to stimuli
150
What is sensory discrimination?
Ability to make sense of or interpret tactile input
151
What compensation method can be used for children with tactile discrimination and perception issues?
using visual guidance to compensate for motor skills
152
What compensation method can be used for children with proprioception problems?
Cognitive strategies can be used to help them compensate
153
What are the 3 components for praxis?
ideation, planning, and execution
154
When should you use a neurodevelopmental approach for handwriting interventions?
Child has:
- poor postural control
- poor automatic reactions
- limited limb control
- tone issues
- poor proximal stability
155
Describe the acquisitional approach when used for handwriting interventions
Handwriting is taught directly in brief daily lessons individualized to the child. Uses 3 phases:
- Cognitive phase (begins to understand and develops cognitive strategy)
- Associative phase (continues to practice and self monitor, uses proprioceptive and visual cues)
- Autonomous phase (mostly independent in self monitoring)
156
Describe use of a sensorimotor approach for handwriting interventions
multisensory input is used to enhance performance
| -e.g. writing tools, writing surfaces, positions, etc.
157
What is addressed when using a biomechanical approach for handwriting interventions?
- Sitting posture with feet on ground
- Paper position- parallel to forearm
- Pencil grip and writing tool to support functional grip
- Paper modifications
158
At what age can a child copy a triangle, print their own name, and copy most letters?
5-6 years old
159
At what age can a child imitate horizontal, vertical, and circular marks?
2 years
160
At what age can a child copy a vertical line, horizontal line, and a circle?
3 years
161
At what age can a child copy a cross, square, diagonal lines, and some letters and numbers?
4-5 years
