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Peds ENT Flashcards

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1
Q

Qtitis Externa definition

A

infection of the outer ear canal resulting in skin breakdown

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2
Q

Risk factors for otitis externa

A

swimming, excessive cleaning or scratching, devices

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3
Q

Common pathogens of otitis externa

A

P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and fungi

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4
Q

Ssx of otitis externa

A

otalgia, pruritis, discharge, hearing loss, tragal tenderness

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5
Q

Mgmt of otitis externa

A

remove debris, topical antibiotics, ear wick if needed, pain control

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6
Q

what is acute otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

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7
Q

what are the common pathogens in acute otitis media

A

strep pneumo, non-typable H. flu, M. Cat

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8
Q

ssx of acute otitis media

A

otalgia, irritablility, fever, pain, anorexia, vomiting

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9
Q

mgmt of acute otitis media

A

ear drops, Tylenol, ibuprofen

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10
Q

What is serous otitis media

A

presence of middle ear effusion without signs of acute infection

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11
Q

mgmt of serous otitis media

A

amoxicillin 10-14 days, myringotomy tube placement

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12
Q

what is audiometry

A

subjectively evaluates hearing

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13
Q

what are the 4 types of audiometry

A

behavioral observational 5

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14
Q

What is typanometry

A

measures TM compliance, rapidly identifies effusion in infants >6mos

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15
Q

What is the MCC for conductive hearing loss

A

fluid in middle ear

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16
Q

What other system is checked with ear abn

A

kidney

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17
Q

What is the etiology of allergic rhinitis

A

type 1 IgE allergic response; early - mast cell degranulation and histamine release; late - chronic nasal congestion d/t other cell involvement

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18
Q

What are the causes of perennial allergic rhinitis

A

dust mites, animal dander, mold, cockroaches

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19
Q

what is the allergic salute

A

pushing up tip of nose with hand resulting in transverse nasal crease

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20
Q

what is the palatal click

A

scratch palate with tongue resulting in click

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21
Q

mgmt of allergic rhinitis

A

nasal steroids, antihistamines, montelukast

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22
Q

ssx of acute viral rhinitis

A

sudden onset of clear or mucoid rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, +/- fever, +/- sore throat

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23
Q

duration of acute viral rhinitis

A

7-14 days

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24
Q

tx of acute viral rhinitis

A

ibuprofen/tylenol, humdified air, saline nasal drops, cough suppressants

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25
MCC pathogens in sinusitis
strep pneumo, H. flu, M. Cat, Beta hemolytic strep
26
ssx of sinusitis
drainage, pressure, pain, fever, fatigue, anosmia, halitosis, cough, ear fullness
27
tx of sinusitis
amoxicillin/clavulanate then cephalosporin, bacrim, clinda if known to be strep
28
presentation of nasal foreign body
unilateral rhinorrhea foul smell, halitosis, bleeding, snoring or wheeze
29
Cause of epistaxis
trauma to kiesselback plexus
30
mgmt of epistaxis
compression, cotton under lip, vasoconstriction with 1% phenylephrine, nasal silver nitrate
31
MC pathogen of oral candidiasis
candida albicns
32
ssx of oral candidiasis
soreness of mouth, anorexia, white, curd-like patches on buccal muscosa
33
tx of oral candidiasis
nystatin oral suspension q6h for 1 week
34
Ssx of HSV 1
small ulcers on the buccal mucosa, anterior pillars, inner lips, tongue, gingiva, fever, tender cervical nodes
35
tx of HSV 1
oral acyclovir x 7 days
36
MC pathogen of herpangina
coxsackie A virus
37
Ssx of herpangina aka HFM
3 mm ulcers surrounded by halo, high fever, malasie, myalgias, conjunctivitis
38
ssx of hand-foot-mouth disease
ulcers anywhere in mouth, vesicles, pustules or papules on palms, soles, interdigital areas and buttocks
39
complication of hand-foot-mouth disease
encephalitis
40
ssx of viral pharyngitis
sore throat and fever
41
MC pathogens of bacterial pharyngitis
mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumo, C and G strep, arcanobacterium hemolyticum
42
ssx of bacterial pharyngitis
fever and sore throat
43
MCC with peritonsillar cellulitis
beta-hemolytic streptococcus
44
ssx of peritonsillar cellulitis/abscess
severe sore throat, tonsil bulges medially, edematous soft palate and uvula, trismus
45
tx for peritonsillar abscess
admit with IV PCN or clinda
46
MC pathogen of retropharyngeal abscess
beta-hemolytic streptococci and S. aureus
47
Xray presentation of retropharyngeal abscess
retropharyngeal space wider than C4
48
tx of retropharyngeal abscess
IV semisynthetic PCN or clinda, immediate surgical drainage
49
MC pathogen in epiglottitis
H flu type B
50
ssx of epiglottitis
sudden fever, dysphagia, drooling, muffled voice, cyanosis, soft stridor, sniffing position
51
tx of epiglottitis
Intubation, blood cultures, ceftriaxone
52
viral croup aka
laryngotracheobronchitis
53
etiology of viral croup
parainfluenza virus, RSV, influenza, rubeola, adenovirus, mycoplasma
54
ssx of viral croup
barking cough, stridor, fever absent or low-grade, stridor
55
Dx of viral croup
positive steeple sign on xray
56
what is the gold standard for strep test
throat culture - can result in false positives, takes 24-48 hours
57
when is rapid strep test used
when patient has anterior cervical node enlargement, palatal petechiae, beefy red uvula, tonsillar exudate
58
Indications for tonsillectomy
obstructive sleep apnea, recurrent infections, hypertrophy
59
Contraindications of tonsillectomy
bleeding d/o, acute tonsillar
60
what is laryngomalacia
persistent stridor in infants worse in supine position
61
What are laryngeal papillomas
benign warty growths
62
MC etiology of laryngeal papillomas
HPV 6, 11, 16
63
Age of onset of laryngeal papillomas
2-4 years

Peds (16 decks)

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