Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Peds/OB > Peds exam 1 > Flashcards

Peds exam 1 Flashcards

(91 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

the nurse is assessing a 6 mo old infant. Which gross motor skill should be expected at this age?
-Sits unsupported
- can feed self with spoon
- creeps on hands and knees
- rolls from back to front

A

Rolls from back to front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A toddler’s mom asks when it is safe to place the car seat in a forward-facing position. The nurse’s best response is:
- after the toddler turns 2 and exceeds manufacturer’s height recommendations
-never, due to risk of the child unbuckling
-not unless there are safety locks in the car
- when weight of child is > 40 pounds

A

After toddler turns 2 and exceeds manufacturer height recommendations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following activity is most age-appropriate for a 4 year old in traction following a femur fracture?
- large picture book
- crayons and coloring book
- listening to music
-model airplanes

A

Crayons and coloring book

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The nurse is assessing a 4-month-old infant. The nurse would anticipate finding which of the following? Pick 2
- positive babinski reflex
-presence of a crude pincer grasp
-open posterior fontanelle
- able to hold head erect

A

Able to hold head erect and positive babinski reflex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A mom of a 3 yr old tells the nurse that the child constantly has temper tantrums. What is the nurse’s best response?
- punish child every time they say “no” to change the behavior
- set limits regarding expected behaviors
-allow the behavior because this is normal at this age
- ignore the child when this behavior occurs

A

Set limits regarding expected behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The nurse is planning care for a 18 month old child. Which of the following should be included in the child’s care?
- hold and cuddle often
- allow the child to walk independently on the nursing unit
- encourage/allow child to feed self
- engage child in games with other children

A

Encourage/allow child to feed self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A nurse assesses the language development of a 6 mo old infant. Which demonstrates normal developmental achievement?
- uses simple words with meaning like “mama”
- coos when comforted
- babbles using simple vowel sounds
- links syllables together

A

Babbles using simple vowel sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A nurse is observing children playing in the hospital playroom. They would expect to see 4 year old children playing?
- sharing toys but doing their own thing
- with their own toys alongside other children
-competitive board games with other children
- alone with hand held computer games

A

Sharing toys but doing their own thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

While examining a 2 yr old, the nurse assesses that the anterior fontanelle is open. The nurse should?
- look for other signs of abuse
- ask about family Hx of craniosynastosis
-notify the provider
- document this as a normal finding

A

Notify the provider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A nurse is teaching parents about ear infections. Which anatomical feature predisposes children to this disorder?
- tympanic membrane
-external ear canal
-eustachian tubes
- nasopharynx

A

Eustachian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following is the best method for performing a physical exam on a toddler?
- from abd to toes, then to head
- dismally to proximally
-from head to toe
-from least to most invasive

A

From least to most invasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which stressor is common in hospitalized toddlers?
Pick 3
- interrupted routine
- self-concept disturbance
- fear of being hurt
- social isolation
- sleep disturbance

A

Fear of being hurt, sleep disturbances, and interrupted routine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A preschooler is in what Ericsson’s stage of development?
- autonomy vs. shame and doubt
- industry vs inferiority
-initiative vs. guilt
- trust vs. mistrust

A

Initiative vs guilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Animism is when preschoolers believe their thoughts are all powerful?

A

False(animism is like Toy Story- items come to life/have feelings)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

“Baby teeth” are usually completely in by age 3?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normal growth parameter for infant (Ht, Wt, HC)

A

Ht=19-21 in (inc 50% by 12 mo)
Wt=6-9lbs(doubles by 5 mo, triples by 12 mo)
HC=33-35 cm(inc 10 cm by 12 mo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anterior fontanelle closes

A

12-18 mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

posterior fontanel closes

A

6-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the primitive reflexes?

A

Sucking/rooting, palmar grasp, plantar grasp, tonic neck or “fencing”, Moro, stepping, babinski

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many teeth by 12 mo

A

6-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Language development 3 mo

A

Coos
Turns head to rattle sound
Seems to recognize caregiver voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

language development 6 mo

A

Babbles with vowels
Pleasure/displeasure
Responds to name
Distinguishes emotion based on voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Language development by 12 mo

A

3-5 words
Understands simple commands
Recognizes words for common items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nutrition for an infant

A

Vitamin D supplementation for first few days of life
Water/juices not needed for first 4 months
Breastfeeding=complete diet for 6 months
Iron supplementation for infants being exclusively breastfed for 4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When can an infant progress to solid foods?
4-6 mo
26
What must happen before an infant can progress to solid foods?
4-6 mo, extrusion reflex must be extinguished
27
food intro for infants
Infant cereals first(rice, barley, oatmeal.. usually rice cereal first), fruits, then veggies One new food every 3-5 days to allow to determine allergies
28
If not breastfeeding, then formula must be…..
Iron fortified
29
Fruit juice for infants…
Limited to 2-4oz/day at 6 mo
30
Foods to avoid-infant
Honey, unpasteurized drinks/food, cow’s milk, food/drinks with added sugar, caffeinated drinks
31
Sensory development for infant
Sight-nearsighted, prefers contrasts, full color vision by 7 mo Hearing- acute as an adult at birth Smell and taste-prefer sweet, can differentiate smell and taste of mothers breast milk by day 7 Touch- prefers soft sensations, soothing strokes, can tell caregiver’s mood by touch
32
Psychosocial development is what theory?
Erickson’s
33
Erickson’s theory is…
Psychosocial development
34
What stage of Erickson’s are infants?
trust vs. mistrust Quality of caregiver and needs being met
35
Gross and fine motor skills 4 mo
Rolls from back to side Head control Grasps objects with both hands
36
Gross and fine motor skills 6 mo
Rolls from back to front Holds bottle
37
Gross and fine motor skills 9 mo
Sits unsupported, creeps on hands/knees, has crude pincer grasp
38
Gross and fine motor skills 12 mo
Sits down from standing, walks with one hand/on own, attempts 2 block tower, can turn pages in book (multiple), feeds self with cup and spoon
39
Piaget major tasks for infant
Separation (separate themselves from objects in environment), object permanence (object leaves visual field but still exists), mental representation ( visualize things not physically present)
40
When does separation anxiety present in infants and why?
8 mo and because of object permanence
41
When does object permanence develop in infants?
8 mo
42
Piaget discusses…
Cognitive development
43
Piaget stage for infants
Sensorimotor; learn about themselves and world through developing sensory and motor capabilities
44
Age-appropriate play activities for infants
Rattles, soft stuffed toys, mirrors, teething toys, being read to, brightly colored toys, soothing music
45
what are infants susceptible to?
URI, heat loss, dehydration
46
Type of play for toddlers
Parallel
47
language development- toddlers
50-300 words by 2 yo Echolalia and telegraphic speech
48
Age-appropriate toys for toddlers
Push-pull toys, messy play, books, blocks/balls, filling/emptying containers. Thick crayons, large piece puzzle
49
Erikson’s theory for toddlers
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
50
Erikson’s components for toddlers
Egocentrism Ritualism Independence Negativism Temper tantrums Regression
51
Egocentrism
Unable to see things from other’s perspectives
52
Ritualism
Like consistency and routine
53
Cognitive development for toddlers (Piaget)
Sensorimotor into preoperational -Symbolic thought (pretend object represents something else-broomstick=horse) Domestic mimicry Limited attention span
54
Speech patterns for toddlers
Echolalia and telegraphic speech
55
Safety/ anticipatory guidance/education for parents for toddlers
Car seat rear facing until age 2 in backseat Childproof environment Establishing independence and following boundaries
56
Nutrition/eating habits for toddlers
Weaning from bottle 12-15 mo Food jags Picky eaters Finger foods Iron deficiency Physiologic anorexia Ritualism
57
Negativism
Toddlers- “No” and “Mine”- expresses independence
58
Regression
Reverting backwards in behaviors or stages in times of high stress
59
Transitional objects-toddlers
Teddy bears, blankets, etc for comfort and soothing-familiarity. Use in care
60
car seat safety/education-toddler
Rear facing until the age of two in back seat
61
Preschool fears (what and why)
Dark, pain, unknown, “monsters”, losing parts of their body/mutilation, hospitalization, nightmares common- super active imagination
62
Piaget’s theory for preschoolers
Preconceptual into intuitive
63
Piaget’s major tasks for preschoolers
Magical thinking Imaginary friends Animism Time (in relation to daily events)
64
Language development-preschooler
2,000 word vocabulary 5 word sentences
65
Magical thinking-preschoolers
thoughts are all powerful; certain actions they take will include the world around them (step on a crack…pink blanket keeps monsters away)
66
Animism
Giving life-like qualities to inanimate objects (ToyStory)
67
Types of play- preschooler
Associative- begin to share,acknowledge, copy, and work with one another yet do not share same focus- not cohesive
68
Age-appropriate toys-preschoolers
Play pretend, dress-up, reading books, messy play, arts and crafts, puzzles, riding tricycles
69
Appropriate atraumatic care- preschooler
Story telling, puppets, simple terms, allow choices, imaginative play, speak honestly
70
Health promotion- sleep and rest, dental health for preschoolers
Need 12 hr/day Bedtime rituals, resist bedtime- nightmares significant due to magical thinking Dental health Q 6 mo baby teeth completely in by 3 Lose teeth 5-6 Trauma to teeth common
71
Cognitive development (Piaget’s major tasks)- school-age
concrete operations
72
Piaget’s major tasks for school-age children
principle of conservation, classify and sort objects, reversibility, can tell time
73
Erickson’s theory for school-age
industry vs. inferiority
74
reversibility-school age children
numbers or objects can be changed or returned to their original state
75
classify and sort objects-school age children
common for them to start a "collection""
76
Developmental concern topics-school age
bullying, tobacco and alcohol use, school refusal, TV/video games, internet
77
Relationships/peers groups school age
awareness of themselves in relation to others, feeling accepted/not different is very important, peer pressure and conformity begins/BFFs very interested in how other view their body
78
Nutrition promotion/obesity for school age
risk factors: HEAVY (high caloric diet, exercise lacking, accessibility to healthy foods limited, view food as a way to deal with stress, and your genetics/family dynamics) caloric needs decrease
79
Bullying awareness/signs of bullying school age
unexplained injuries/missing items, fakes illness (to avoid school), poor grades, behavioral changes(depressed, angry, SI)
80
Assessment of systems (how they change) school age
-girls usually taller than boys -sex characteristics appear in middle school age. -brain growth complete by 10. -frontal sinuses by 7. -abdominal breathing to diaphragmatic breathing -20 baby teeth replaced by 28-32 permanent teeth -screened for scoliosis growth plates begin to close
81
Play types for school age
cooperative
82
Age-appropriate toys for school age
arts and crafts, build simple models, collect rocks and cards, board games, video games
83
hospitalization and illness/care of hospitalized adolescent
increased ability to understand cause and effect -perceptions of illness severity based on degree of body image changes -provide factual information -include in planning of care -encourage contact with peer group
84
Erikson’s theory-adolescents
identity vs role confusion
85
piaget's theory-adolescents
formal operations -abstract thinking (possibilities and hypothetical situations, less egocentric) -can view selves as invincible->risk taking behaviors
86
Assessment of systems (how do they change, boys vs girls)-adolescents
girls: puberty=9-10, grow 2-8 in and gain 15-55lb, rapid before period and ceases 2-2.5 years after first period, fat deposit inc boys: puberty=10-11, grow 4-12 in and gain 15-65 lbs stops growing 18-20 yrs, muscle mass inc
87
Assessment/puberty order of maturation
Girls:breast development-->pubic hair-->axillary hair--> menstruation boys: testicular enlargement->pubic hair growth-> penile enlargement->axillary hair growth->facial hair-->vocal changes
88
Hormones of puberty
GnRH, FSH,LH, Estrogen, testosterone , progesterone
89
Safety and developmental concerns (leading causes of death/risk factors, Suicide)- adolescents
unintentional injuries=leading cause of death MVA=leading cause of injury death poisoning-due to opioid overdose-2nd leading cause of injury death deaths from firearms 15-19 y/o rising suicide=2nd leading cause of death-monitor for changes in mood and self harm: -poor school performance -lack of interest in things that were of interest in the past -social isolation -disturbances in sleep/appetite =expression of SI
90
Nutrition requirements (important vitamins/minerals)- adolescents
average 2,000 calories calcium1300mg/daily males 11mg daily iron females 15mg daily iron bulimia and anorexia common (self image/body image and peer approval)
91
Health promotion-sexual health- adolescents
contraception and safe sex practices- risk for STIs and pregnancy

Peds/OB (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions