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Unit 5 > Peds Fluid and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Peds Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is difference between sensible and insensible water loss?

A

Sensible=measurable=urine, vomit

Insensible=immeasurable=breathing, sweating

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2
Q

Why are neonates more susceptible to rapid fluid loss than any other population?

A

Carry the most fluid in ECF (40%) than any other time of life. This is rapidly lost when sick.
50% of their ECF is exchanged daily. (it is 17% in adults)
Rapid respirations, large body surface area, thin skin make insensible water loss high.

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3
Q

What is gold standard for measuring acid/base balance?

A

ABGs

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4
Q

Clinical signs of dehydration in peds?

A

Decreased output
Dry mucous membranes
Cracked lips
Poor turgor
Sunken fontanelles
Dry skin
No tears
Irritable
High pitched cry
Difficult arousing
Increase in rate and depth of respir

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5
Q

When acidosis occurs, what changes will we see in respirations?

A

Rate and depth will increase to remove excess CO2
Remember: CO2=acid
O2=alkaline

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6
Q

When alkalosis occurs, what changes will we see in respirations?

A

Rate and depth decrease to hang on to CO2
Remember: CO2=acid
O2=akaline

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7
Q

When acidosis occurs, what changes will we see in renal output?

A

Kidneys will excrete the excess hydrogen ions and hang on to bicarb

—Takes 1-2 days, slower process than respiratory compensation–

Remember: Bicarb=alkaline
Hydrogen=acid

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8
Q

When alkalosis occurs, what changes will we see in renal output?

A

Kidneys will excrete bicarb and hang on to hydrogen ions

–Takes 1-2 days, slower process than respiratory compensation–

Remember:Bicarb=alkaline
Hydrogen=acid

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9
Q

What is normal value range for PaCO2?

A

35——-45 mm/Hg

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10
Q

What is normal value range for pH?

A

7.35——-7.45

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11
Q

What is normal value range for bicarb?

A

22——-26 mEq/L

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12
Q

What are common labs ordered in fluid and electrolyte imbalance?

A

CMP
BUN
Urine specific gravity

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13
Q

A weigh gain/loss of 2.2 lbs is equivalent to how much fluid?

A

1 liter

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14
Q

What are the 4 components of dehydration scales?

A

General appearance
Eyes
Mucous membranes
Tears

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15
Q

What changes in pulse will be present in dehydration?

A

Weak, thready, tachycardic

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16
Q

What changes in respirations will be present in dehydration?

A

Faster, deeper

17
Q

What changes to sensorium will be present in dehydration?

A

Fatigue
Restless
Irritable
Lethargic

18
Q

What are preferred IV fluids for rehydration?

A

LR or NS 0.9%

19
Q

What must be present before potassium can be given?

A

Must have sufficient renal output-or will become hyperkalemic

20
Q

What is maximum dose and rate of IV potassium?

A

No more than 40 mEq/L
No faster than 1 mEq/kg/hr

21
Q

What is minimum urine output for infants and toddlers?

A

2—-3 ml/kg/hr

22
Q

What is min urine output for preschoolers to young school age kids?

A

1—-2 ml/kg/h

23
Q

What is min urine output for older kids and adolescents?

A

0.5——1 ml/kg/h

24
Q

Diarrhea that is caused by an infection is called…

A

gastroenteritis

25
Q

What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in US?

A

Norovirus

26
Q

What are common labs done in diarrheal patients?

A

Stool sample for: cultures, occult blood, pH
Blood: cultures, CBC, CMP, BUN, glucose

27
Q

What is the BRAT diet?

A

Bananas
Rice
Applesauce
Toast
—Used to be recommended diet for pts with diarrhea, but changed to something more nutritious—

28
Q

What is recommended foods for pts with diarrhea?

A

Bland but complex carbs, lean proteins, veg
Yogurt, rice, potatoes, cereal, lean protein, cooked vegetables

29
Q

What vaccine is recommended by CDC to prevent cause of major diarrheal illness in kids?

A

Rotovirus vaccines:
RV1 and RV5

30
Q

What is chalasia?

A

Spitting up

31
Q

What is go to anti-emetic med for kids?

A

Zofran

Unit 5 (7 decks)

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