Peds: GI Flashcards by Krista Chipman

What are some causes of constipation in kids?

intro of solid foods

toilet training

stressful environments (starting school)

cows milk

hischsprung’s

cystic fibrosis

hypothyroid

lead poisoning

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When should a child pass their first stool by?

72 hrs

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How is constipation diagnosed?

plain ab X-ray

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What is the treatment of constipation?

infant- glycerin suppository, sorbitol-containing juices

children- miralax, dis-impaction, diet change

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What is the definition of diarrhea?

passage of loose or watery stools 3 or more times/day

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What is the #1 cause of diarrhea in developed countries?

rotavirus is common

norovirus is also common

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What should be suspected if a child has bloody diarrhea?

slamonella

hemolytic uremic syndrome (E. coli)

intussusception

toxic megacolon

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What is cleft lip?

Opening or split in the upper lip

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What is cleft palate?

opening or split on the roof of the mouth

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What is GERD?

present when passage of gastric contents into the esophagus causes toublesome symptoms or complications

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What is GER?

normal physiologic process in infants & children

episodes do not cause symptoms

resolves by 18 months

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What is respiratory disorder is commonly connected with GERD?

asthma

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How is GERD diagnosed?

trial of acid suppression

barium swallow constrast

endoscopy

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What is esophageal atresia & tracheoesophageal fistula?

congenital anomaly of the respiratory tract

incomplete separation of the trachea & esophagus

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What are some S/S of esophageal atresia & tracheoesophageal fistula?

drooling

choking

respiratory distress

unable to feed

aspiration pneumonia

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How is esophageal atresia & tracheoesophageal fistula diagnosed?

inability to pass NG tube into the stomach

upper GI series w/ endoscopy for direct visualization

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What is pyloric stenosis?

hypertrophy of the musulature around the pyloric sphincter resulting in gastric outlet obstruction

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What are some S/S of pyloric stenosis?

projectile vomiting after feedings

olive-shaped mass in RUQ

peristalstic wave just prior to vomiting

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How is pyloric stenosis diagnosed?

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ultrasound

barium swallow - string sign

What is Volvulus?

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malrotation & abnormal rotation in utero which results in incomplete fixation of the small bowel

causes obstruction

What are some S/S of volvulus?

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sudden onset of bilious vomiting (green vomit)

severe abdominal pain

if hypotensive, lethargic -> ischemia toxin has set in -> shock

HTN w/ tachycardia

How is volvulus diagnosed?

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barium studies- bird-beak cut off & corkscrew of duodenum

ab plain films- double bubble sign

What is Hirchsprungs disease?

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motor disorder of the gut

congenital absence of ganglion cells in the distal rectum & colon

What are some S/S of Hirchsprungs disease?

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failure to pass meconium within 72 hrs of life

explosure epulsion of gas & stool after DRE (squirt sign)

signs of bowel obstruction

How is Hirchsprungs disease diagnosed?

rectal biopsy

What is the treatment for Hirchsprungs disease?

surgery

What is Meckel diverticulum?

**incomplete obliteration of the vitalize duct**, leading to a true diverticulum of the small intestine

What is the rule of 2's with Meckel diversticulum?

occurs in 2% of population male: female is 2:1 within 2 feet of ileocecal valve can be 2 inches usually presents before 2 yrs

What are some S/S of Meckel diverticulum?

painless GI bleeding (due to ulceration fo the small bowel) recurrent intussusception signs of appendicitis after and appendectomy signs of a SBO

How is Meckel diverticulum diagnosed?

**meckels scan** (nuclear medicine)

What is an imperforate anus?

birth defects when the anus is malformed opening of anus is missing or blocked

What are some S/S of an imperforate anus?

obvious defect at birth low lesions- colon close to the skin (stenosis or blind pouch) high lesions- may be fistula connection rectum to bladder or vagine

What is a hernia?

protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the wall that normally contains in

What is a strangulated hernia?

incarcerated & blood supply is compromised causing ischemia

What population has the highest incidence of umbilical hernias? When do most umbilical hernias close by?

African Americans most will close by 4-5 yrs

What is a diaphragmatic hernia?

developmental defect in diaphragm allowing abdominal viscera to herniate into the chest, compromising normal lung development

What type of inguinal hernia is most common?

indirect pass through inguinal canal

What is intussusception?

invagination of part of the intestine into self (most commonly ileocecal junction) most common abdominal emergency in children \< 2 yrs

What are some S/S of intussusception?

sudden onset of intermittent severe abdominal pain episodes ## Footnote **drawing legs/knees towards the abdomen** **currant-jelly stools (mixture of blood & mucus)**

How is intussusception diagnosed?

ultrasound- **target sign or bulls eye**

What is the treatment for intussusception?

barium or air-enema surgery for unstable patients

What are some S/S of appendicitis?

RLQ pain vomiting, fever + Rovsing sign + obturator sign + psoas sign + McBurneys point pain with coughing/jumping

How is an appendicitis diagnosed?

CT scan

What is celiac disease?

immune-mediate inflammation of the small intestine caused by sensitivity to gluten & related proteins

How is celiac disease diagnosed?

serum celiac-antigen testing

Peds: GI Flashcards

(45 cards)