Peer teaching must knows

Question 1

What ECG changes would be found in pericarditis?

Answer 1

Saddle shaped ST & PR depression

Question 2

What ECG changes would be found in hyperkalaemia?

Answer 2

Tall tented T waves & pathological Q waves

Question 3

What ECG changes would be found in hear attack?

Answer 3

STEMI = ST elevation
Non-stemi = nothing

Question 4

What ECG changes would be found in angina?

Answer 4

STRESS ECG for stable

ST Depression

Question 5

What ECG changes would be found in atrial fibriliation?

Answer 5

Absent P wave, irregularly irregular

Question 6

What is the classic pericarditis pain?

Answer 6

Pain when lead down, alleviated by leaning fowards

Question 7

What is the heart murmur associated with mitral regurgitation?

Answer 7

Pansystolic

Question 8

What is the heart murmur associated with mitral stenosis?

Answer 8

Early diastolic

Question 9

What is the heart murmur associated with mitral valve replacement?

Answer 9

Early systolic click

Question 10

What is the heart murmur associated with aortic stenosis?

Answer 10

Ejection systolic crescendo-decrescendo

Question 11

What is first line anti-hypertensive for over 55s/Afro Carribeans?

Answer 11

Amlodipine - calcium channel blocker

Question 12

When do you treat hypertension?

Answer 12

160/100
or
140/90 with symptoms

Question 13

Are thiazide-like diuretics first line?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What is first line anti-hypertensive for under 55s/non-Afro Carribeans?

Answer 14

-Prils/-sartans = ACEi/ARB

Eg. ramipril/candesartan

Question 15

What is the pharmocologcal name for GTN spray?

Answer 15

Isomorbide mononitrate

Question 16

What is the mode of action of NSAIDs?

Answer 16

Inhibit COX - inhibits production of thromboxane A2

Question 17

What is the mode of action of warfarin?

Answer 17

Prevents vit. K soluble clotting factors.

Question 18

What is the mode of action of heparin?

Answer 18

Inhibits thrombin and factor Xa

Question 19

What are hand presentations of infective endocarditis?

Answer 19

• Janeaway lesions
• Oslar nodes
• Splinter haemorrages
• Clubbing

Question 20

What is the equation for CO?

Answer 20

CO = HR x SV

Question 21

What is the equation for BP?

Answer 21

BP = CO x Total peripheral resistance

Question 22

What is the blood test for heart failure diagnosis?

Answer 22

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

BNP = ventricle issue
ANP = atrium issue

Question 23

What is the blood test for heart attack diagnosis?

Answer 23

Troponin I

CK-MB

Question 24

What measurable hormone is high in hypertenstion?

Answer 24

ANP

Question 25

What causes cough? (Side affect of ACEi)

Answer 25

Bradykinin

Question 26

What is the test for coeliac?

Answer 26

IgA tissue transglutaminase or IgA endomysial antibody

Question 27

What is the test for SLE?

Answer 27

Anti-DsDNA

Question 28

What is the test for rheumatoid athritis?

Answer 28

Rheumatoid factor

Question 29

What is the test for vasculitis?

Answer 29

ANCA

Question 30

What class is loperamide?

Answer 30

Immodium = anti-motility/antidiarrheal agents

Question 31

What class is omeprazole?

Answer 31

Proton pump inhibitor

Question 32

What class is metronidazole?

Answer 32

Antibiotic - common in GI

Question 33

What class is methotrexate?

Answer 33

DMARD - rheumatoid arthritis

Question 34

What ethnicity is a volvulus large bowel obstruction common in?

Answer 34

South africans

Question 35

What symptoms does volvulus large bowel obstruction present with?

Answer 35

No stool. No surgery (indicates adhesions). Left-iliac abdominal region pain.

Question 36

What condition does smoking reduce the severity of symptoms for?

Answer 36

Ulcerative collitis

Question 37

What is the presentation of ascending cholangitis?

Answer 37

Right upper quadrant pain, fever, yellowing of skin and sclera, positive murphy's sign.

Question 38

What hepatitis is DNA?

Answer 38

Hep B

Question 39

Which hepatitis is spead faeco-oral?

Answer 39

A & E

Question 40

Which hepatitis is spread with bodily fluids?

Answer 40

B & C & D

Question 41

What does Wilson's disease cause?

Answer 41

Low calcium | Caiser-fisher rings

Question 42

What does haemochromatosis cause?

Answer 42

Low Fe2+ | Common in northern europeans

Question 43

What is the treatment for peptic ulcers?

Answer 43

PAC MAN PPI Amoxicillin Clathromycin

Question 44

What is the histology of gout?

Answer 44

Needle shaped crystals which have -ve birefringent

Question 45

What is the mode of action of bisphosphates?

Answer 45

Inhibit osteoclast activity and cause osteoclast apoptosis

Question 46

What bacteria results in conjuncitvitis, urethritis and bone stiffness/pain?

Answer 46

Chlamydia

Question 47

What is the gene associated with alkylosing spondylitis?

Answer 47

HLA B27

Question 48

What blood results confirm lupus?

Answer 48

High ESR, normal CRP Anti DsDNA +ve

Question 49

What blood test confirms giant cell arthritis?

Answer 49

ANCA+ve

Question 50

What are the T-score ranges of a DEXA scan?

Answer 50

0 --> -1 = normal -1 --> -2.5 = osteopenia < -2.5 (esp. + fracture) = osteoporosis