pelvic

Question 1

Coxa vara

Answer 1

• A DECREASE in the angle of inclination so the distal femur is directed towards the midline and the knees are closer together
  
  • GENU VALGUM
    
    • valgus
      
      • distal end of the distal bone comprising a joint points AWAY from the midline

Question 2

Coxa Valga

Answer 2

• INCREASE in the angle of inclincation so the distal femur is directed AWAY from teh the midline and the knees are farther aprat
  
  • GENU VARUM
    
    • varus = distal end of distal bone comprsing a joint points towards the midline

Question 3

Angle of inclination of the femur

Answer 3

• FRONTAL PLANE formed by the axis of the head and neck of the femur and the shaft of the femur
  
  • infants = 150 degres
  • adults = 125 degrees

Question 4

Alsberg’s angle (not important)

Answer 4

• Angle formed by a line through the epiphyseal plate of the neck of the femur and the long axis of the femur
  
  • normal adult = 41 degrees
• INCREASE in angle = coxa valga
• DECREASE in angle = Coxa Vara

Question 5

Angle of declination of femur

Answer 5

• angle in the TRANSVERSE PLANE
• formed by the neck of the femur and TRANSCONDYLAR axis of the knee with the apex of the angle lateral
• INFANT = 30 to 60 deggres of INTERNAL ROTATION
• ADULTS = 8 to 12 degrees of INTERNAL ROTATION

Question 6

normal fetal position at birth

Answer 6

• hips and knees flexed
• hips externally rotated
• knees and ankles internally rotated

like BUDDA

Question 7

Neutral position of the hip

Answer 7

• is that position in which the hip is neither externally rotated nore internally rotated
• ADULTS
  
  • neutroal position of the adult hip is that position where there is the same amount of external rotation as internal rotation
    
    • for every degree of external rotation there is one degree of internal rotation

Question 8

how to tell where hte problem lies in HIP

Answer 8

• When the NFP is the SAME with the hip flexed and hip extended
  
  • rotation is due to twist or torque in the FEMUR
• When the NFP is different with the hip flexed and hip extended
  
  • the rotation is DUE to the SOFT TISSUE CONTRACTURE
• NFP that is INTERNALL means that the foot will POINT INWARDS
• NFP that is external means that the foot will point OUTWOARDS

Question 9

Iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligs, or ligamentum teres

Answer 9

• Limits extneral rotation or promotes internal rotation with hip flexed

Question 10

Ischiofemoral lig

Answer 10

• LIMITS internal rotation or PROMOTES EXTERNAL ROTATION
• WITH HIP FLEXEd

Question 11

Hamstrings

Answer 11

• A tight hamstings can influence external and internal leg rotation
• Tight MEDIAL HAMSTRING –> leads to in-toe gait or a patella that tracks medially