Pelvic Anatomy Flashcards
(166 cards)
1
Q
What is the paritoneal pouch located between the rectum and the genitals?
A
Rectogenital pouch
2
Q
What is the peritoneal pouch located between the genitals and the bladder?
A
Vesiculogenital pouch
3
Q
What is the peritoneal pouch located between the pubic bone and the bladder?
A
Pubovesicular pouch
4
Q
What are the 2 poles of the kidney?
A
Cranial and caudal poles
5
Q
What are the 2 capsules of the kidney called?
A
Renal capsule (connective tissue)
Adipose capsule (fat)
6
Q
What word describes something covered on one side by peritoneum (like the kidney)
A
Retroperitoneal
7
Q
Where is the right kidney located?
A
T16, T17, T18, L1
8
Q
Where is the left kidney located?
A
T18, L1, L2, L3
9
Q
What is the topographical region where vessels and ureter enter and leave kidney?
A
Renal hilus
10
Q
What is the indented space on the kidney where vessels are located (usually filled with fat)?
A
Renal sinus
11
Q
What is the funnel shaped structure to the start of the ureter?
A
Renal pelvis
12
Q
What is something unique that is added to the horse’s urine in the pelvis?
A
Mucous
13
Q
What is the extension of the pelvis towards the poles of a horse called?
A
Terminal recess
14
Q
What is the ridge of tissue in the kidney that drains directly into the renal pelvis?
A
Renal crest
15
Q
What 2 spots in the horse urinary system is mucous added?
A
Renal pelvis
Proximal 1/3 of ureter
16
Q
Where is the ureter contained in the male horse?
A
In the genital fold
17
Q
Where is the ureter located in the female horse?
A
Broad ligament
18
Q
What are the 3 ligaments that hold the bladder in place?
A
Left lateral ligament
Right lateral ligament
Median ligament
19
Q
What are the 3 parts of the bladder?
A
Apex
Body
Neck (junction with urethra)
20
Q
What is the topographical region of the bladder located on the dorsal wall and formed by the left and right ureter as well as the internal urethral orifice?
A
Trigone
21
Q
What are the 2 urethral orifices?
A
internal urethral orifice
external urethral orifice
22
Q
What is the vestige of fetal connection of urachus of bladder to belly button
A
Patent urachus
23
Q
Where is the adrenal gland located relative to each kidney?
A
Medial
24
Q
How can you tell the difference between a lymph node and an adrenal gland?
A
Adrenal gland has a cortex and medulla
25
What is a singular hip bone?
os coxae
26
What are multiple hip bones (2 hip bones)
Ossa coxarum
27
What is 1 bony pelvis formed from?
Fusion of sacrum, 3 vertebrae, and 2 hip bones
28
What is the slope of the pelvis defined by?
The slope between the ischiadic tuberosity and the tuber coxae
29
What is found along the slope of the pelvis?
The greater trochanter of the femur
30
What is the dorsal boundary of the pelvic inlet?
Sacrum
31
What is the ventral boundary of the pelvic inlet?
Cranial edge of pubis
32
What is the lateral boundary of the pelvic inlet?
Arcuate line of ileum
33
What is the dorsal to ventral diameter of the pelvic inlet called?
Conjugate diameter
34
What is the lateral measurement of the pelvic inlet called?
Transverse diameter
35
What is the dorsal boundary of the pelvic outlet?
Caudal vertebrae 1-3
36
What is the ventral boundary of the pelvic outlet?
Ischial arch
37
What is the lateral boundary of the pelvic outlet?
Sacrosciatic ligament (very different in horse, much wider)
38
What fused vertebrae form the sacrum?
S1-S5
39
What is the prominence from S1 of the sacrum called?
Promontory
40
What does the fusion of the transverse processes of the vertebrae form?
Lateral sacral crest
(Median sacral crest may be present in old horses)
41
What is the hollow space inside the sacrum?
Sacral canal
42
What is the ligament from the tuber sacrale to lateral sacral crest?
Sacroiliac ligament
43
What is the ligament that passes from the lateral sacral crest to ischiadic spine and tuberosity?
Sacrosciatic ligament
44
What notch is located cranial to ischiadic spine?
Greater sciatic notch
45
What notch is located caudal to ischiadic spine?
Lesser sciatic notch
46
What passes through the greater sciatic notch?
Sciatic nerve
Cranial gluteal artery
47
What passes through the lesser sciatic notch?
Internal obturator
48
What is the dorsal superficial boundary of the perineum?
Root of the tail
49
What is the dorsal deep boundary of the perineum?
End of the sacrum
50
What is the ventral superficial perineum?
Scrotum or base of mammary gland
51
What is the ventral deep boundary of the perineum?
Ischial arch
52
What is the common term for perineal body?
Taint
53
What is the dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris?
Pudendal nerve
54
What nerve innervate the anal sphincter and skin of perineum?
Caudal rectal nerve
55
What are the 3 nerves that the sciatic nerve gives off?
Cranial gluteal
Caudal gluteal
Caudocutaneous femoral
56
What is the flow of blood at the end of the aorta?
Deep circumflex iliac
External iliac
Internal iliac
57
What is the external iliac?
L4-L5
58
What is the last branch of the aorta?
Internal iliac
59
Where is the internal iliac artery?
L5-L6
60
What does the internal iliac split into?
Internal pudendal and caudal gluteal
61
What are the 4 layers of the scrotum?
1)Skin
2)Dartos
3) Fascia
4) Parietal vaginal tunic
62
What is the indentation at the midline of the scrotum called?
Raphe
63
What is the orientation of the testes?
Horizontally
64
What is the capsule of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle around the testis?
Tunica albuginea
65
What is the head of the epididymis for the horse?
Cranial pole
66
What are the contents of the spermatic cord?
TNAVL
ductus deferens
Visceral vaginal tunic
67
What does the ligament of the tail of the epididymis connect to?
Parietal vaginal tunic
68
What does the proper ligament of the testis attach to?
Connects to the the testis
69
What is the “stock” of the testis?
Mesofuniculus
70
What is the visceral tunic that attaches to the deferent ductus?
Mesoductus
71
What is the visceral vaginal tunic that surrounds the TNAVL?
Mesorchium
72
What are the 3 parts to the equine penis?
Root, body, and glans
73
What is the erectile tissue found in the left and right crus as well as the body?
Corpus cavernosum penis
74
What is th muscle that covers each crus of the penis?
Ischiocavernosus muscle
75
What is the tissue directly around the urethra?
Corpus spongiusum penis
76
What is the muscle that covers the corpus spongiosum penis?
Bulbospongiosus muscle
77
What is the glandular tissue located inside the glans and its dorsal process?
Corpus spongiusum glandis
78
What is the process that goes out the tip of the penis?
Urethral process
79
What is the “rim” of the glans?
Corona glandis
80
What is the space around the terminal part of the urethra?
Fossa glandis
81
What is the external prepuce opening?
Preputial opening
82
What is the internal preputial opening?
Preputial ring
83
What is the order of accessory sex gland felt on rectal palpation?
Bulbourethral gland
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicle
Ampulla
84
Where does the prostate gland open?
Lateral to colliculus seminalis
85
Where does the seminal vesicles and ampulla open?
Open ON colliculus seminalis (aka ejaculatory orifice)
86
What muscle covers the pelvic portion of the urethra?
Urethralis
87
What muscle covers the Bulbourethral gland?
Bulboglandularis
88
What muscle covers the corpus spongiosum penis?
Bulbospongiosus
89
What muscle covers the crus of the penis?
Ischiocavernosus
90
What is the band of tissue running along the midline of the penis?
Retractor penis
91
What is the triple blood supply of the penis?
Internal pudendal artery
Obturator artery
External pudendal artery
92
What are the branches of the internal pudendal artery?
Artery of the penis>Artery of the bulb of the penis>Dorsal artery of the penis
93
What are the branches of the obturator artery
Middle artery of the penis>Deep artery of the penis and a branch to form dorsal artery of penis
94
What are the branches of the external pudendal artery
Cranial artery of the penis>Bifurcates to form anastomotic branches of the dorsal artery of the penis
95
What are the 3 anatomical branches that contribute to the dorsal artery of the penis?
Artery of the penis, middle artery of the penis, and cranial artery of the penis
96
What is the sympathetic innervation to the penis/clitoris?
Hypogastic nerve
97
What is the parasympathetic innervation to the penis/clitoris?
Pelvic nerve
98
What is the lymphatic drainage for the penis and scrotum?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
99
What is the lymphatic drainage for testes and epididymis?
Medial iliac lymph nodes (orchitis)
100
What is the lymphatic drainage for the stifle?
Lateral iliac lymph nodes (gonitis)
101
What part of the broad ligament suspends the uterus?
Me some trim
102
What part of the broad ligament suspends the ovary?
Mesovarium
103
What part of the broad ligament suspends the uterine tube?
Mesosalpinx
104
Where is the ovary typographically located?
Half way between last rib and tuber coxae
105
What is the concave surface of ovary?
Ovulation fossa (eggs are released)
106
What is the convex surface of the ovary of the horse?
Ovarian hilus
107
What is the pocket surrounding equine ovary?
Ovarian bursa
108
What is the ligament that connects the ovary to the uterus?
Proper ligament of the ovary
109
What ligament is NOT in the equine species?
Suspensory ligament
110
What is the main blood supply to the ovary?
Ovarian artery
111
What artery supplies the uterus?
Uterine branch of the ovarian artery
112
What is the funnel shaped opening of the uterine tube?
Infundibulum
113
What are the foot processes off of the uterine tube?
Fimbrea
114
What is the entrance into the uterine tube?
Abdominal ostium
115
What is the exit out of the uterine tube into the uterine horn?
Uterine ostium
116
What is the entrance into the cervix?
Internal uterine orifice
117
What is the exit out of the cervical into the vagina?
External uterine orifice
118
What is the primary supply to the uterus?
Uterine artery
119
What is the space surrounding the vaginal portion of the cervix?
Fornix
120
What divides the vagina and the vestibule?
The hymen (transverse fold)
121
What are the glands in the vestibule to lubricate?
Vestibular glands (major and minor)
122
What is the fold over the clitoral fossa?
Frenular fold
123
What is the rapid in and out motion of the clitoris during estrus called?
Vulvar winking
124
What is the groove the runs down the midline of the equine mammary gland?
Intermammary groove
125
How many milk glands are present in the horse?
4
126
How many openings are on each teat of the horse?
2
127
What drains the parenchyma
Lactiforis ducts
128
What is the milk storage unit called?
Lactiforis sinus
129
Where is the right kidney located on the bovine?
L1-L3
130
Where is the left kidney located on the bovine?
THE RIGHT SIDE! L3-L5
131
Is there a renal pelvis in a ruminant?
NO (Caylx)
132
What is the outpouch at the external urethral orifice?
Suburethral diverticulum
133
What is the function of the protractor muscle of the bovine penis?
Cover the glans of the penis
134
What is the function of the retractor function for the bovine penis?
Expose the glans
135
What is unique about the bovine penis body?
Sigmoid flexure
136
What is the penis surrounded by?
Tunica albuginea
137
What is unique about the urethral process of the small ruminant?
It is very long
138
What is the single supply to the bovine penis? (Compared to triple supply to horse)
Internal iliac
139
What is the orientation of the bovine testicals?
Vertical
140
What is the muscle that covers the Bulbourethral gland in the bovine?
Bulbospongiosus
141
What are the 2 parts of the prostate in the bovine?
Body and disseminate parts
(ONLY DISSEMINATE PART IN SMALL RUMINANT)
142
What is the ovary shaped like in the bovine?
Small, bean
143
Wha this the ligament between each horn of the uterus?
Intercornual ligament
144
What is much larger in the cow, the horns or the body?
The horns
145
What are the bumps on the uterine horn mucosa?
Maternal caruncles (oval)
Crater-like in small ruminant
146
What is the tissue that actually produces milk?
Parenchyma
147
What is the function of the suspensory apparatus of the bovine?
Support weight of the udder
148
What is the principal blood supply for the bovine mammary gland?
External pudendal artery
149
What are the 3 routes of venous return from the udder in the bovine?
External pudendal vein
Milk (subcutaneous abdominal) vein
Dorsal labial vein
150
Where does the milk vein pass through?
Milk well
151
What is the lymphatic drainage of the udder?
Supramammary lymph node
152
What nerve innervate the parenchyma of the udder?
Genitofemoral
153
What nerve innervate the cutaneous cranial part of the udder?
L1 and L2
154
What nerve innervate the cutaneous middle part of the udder?
Genitofemoral nerve
155
What nerve innervate the cutaneous caudal part of the udder?
Mammary branch of pudendal nerve
156
How many milk producing units does a small ruminant have?
2
157
What direction do nerves travel as they leave the spinal foramina?
Caudally
158
What spinal nerve segment is T13 at transverse process of L1?
Caustoabdominal nerve
159
What spinal nerve segment is L1 at transverse process of L2?
Ileohypogastric nerve
160
What nerve is from spinal nerve L2 and passes over L4 transverse process?
(NO NERVES OVER L3 transverse process)
Ileoinguinal nerve
161
Where is rumenotomy done?
1/2 way between last rib and tuber coxae on LEFT SIDE
162
Where does the primary oocyte arrest at prenatal?
End of first meiotic prophase
163
How many polar bodies are released during fertilization?
2 polar bodies
164
What hormone induces myometrial contractions?
PGF2alpha from increased cortisol and thus estradiol
165
What is the “water breaking”
Chorioallantois which causes lubrication
166
What is Furgusson’s Reflex
Pressure on cervix causing massive dump of oxytocin into blood
