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Gross Anatomy 3 > Pelvic Contents > Flashcards

Pelvic Contents Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the relationship of the peritoneum and rectum?

A

Upper 1/3 - covered by visceral peritoneum
Middle 1/3 - peritoneum on anterior surface
Lower 1/3 - infraperitoneal

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2
Q

What is the structure indicated by the red line?

A

Lateral fornix - spaces found either side of the cervix

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3
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterus?

A
  • Fundus - aortic nodes at L2 at ovarian artery
  • Body - External iliac nodes via the broad ligament
  • Top of internal os - internal iliac and sacral
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4
Q

What structure is highlighted?

A

Transverse folds of the rectum

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5
Q

Which part of the uterine tube is fertilisation most likely to occur in?

A

The ampulla

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6
Q

What is the nerve supply to the ovaries?

A

Aortic plexus

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7
Q

Describe the innervation of the sphincters of the bladder?

A

Sphincter vesicae is formed of smooth muscle and is under control by the ANS (involuntary)

External sphincter of micturition is under voluntary control

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8
Q

What is the venous drainage of the bladder?

A

First to the vesical plexus and then to the internal iliac veins

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9
Q

What is seen on the internal surface of the bladder?

A

Rugae

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10
Q

What do the fimbrae do?

A

Gather the ovum released by the ovary into the uterine tube

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11
Q

What is the arterial supply to the ovaries?

A

The ovarian (gonadal) artery - a direct branch of the abdominal aorta at L2

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12
Q

What do the transverse folds and rectal ampulla facilitate?

A

The storage of faeces before it is excreted to the anal canal

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13
Q

What ligament is formed by the peritoneum as it passes over the uterus?

A

The broad ligament

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14
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the anal canal?

A

Anal canal superior to the pectinate line drains to internal iliac nodes
Anal canal inferior to the pectinate line drains to superficial inguinal nodes

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15
Q

What structures does the ovarian artery supply?

A

The ovaries, uterine tubes and the fundus

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16
Q

What is highlighted?

A

The rectum

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17
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterine tubes?

A
  • Aortic nodes at the root of ovarian artery - L2

- Superficial inguinal nodes via the round ligament

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18
Q

What does anteverted mean?

A

That the long axis of the uterus bends forward on the long axis of the vagina

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19
Q

What muscle forms the muscular wall of the bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

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20
Q

What is the standard position that the uterus lies in?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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21
Q

What artery does the uterine artery anastomose with?

A

Ovarian artery

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22
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the rectum

A

Site of portal anastamosis
Blood from superior aspect of rectum drains into the portal system via the inferior mesenteric vein
Inferior parts of the rectum drain into local veins to the internal iliac vein into the systemic venous system

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23
Q

What is the name of the enlarged area between the 3 transverse folds of the rectum?

A

Rectal ampulla

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24
Q

What ligaments support the neck of the bladder?

A

Male - puboprastatic ligament

Female - pubovesical ligament

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25
What pelvic floor muscles help prevent uterine prolapse through the pelvic floor?
The pubococcygeus - forms a sling around the vagina called the pubovaginalis
26
What are the roles of the 3 parts of the broad ligament?
Mesovarium - holds the ovaries to the posterior surface of the broad ligament Mesosalpinx - supports the uterine tubes Mesometrium - main part of the broad ligament associated with the body of the uterus
27
What enter and exit the bladder at the trigone?
The urethra exits and the ureters enter
28
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the rectum
Superior aspect of the rectum drains to the inferior mesenteric nodes found at the preaortic level L3 Inferior rectum drains to para-rectal nodes then to the internal iliac nodes
29
What is the relationship between the ureter and uterine artery?
Ureter passes under the uterine artery - bridge over water
30
What is the nerve supply to the bladder?
ANS via the inferior hypogastric plexus
31
What maintains the relation of the apex of the bladder to the pubic bone?
The urachus
32
What is the urachus an embryological remenant of?
A structure that drained the foetal bladder and joined to the umbilical cord
33
What structure is highlighted?
The rectal ampulla
34
Describe the venous drainage of the ovaries?
Right ovarian vein drains into IVC | Left ovarian vein drains into left renal vein
35
What ligament is highlighted?
The round ligament
36
What sphincter does the detrusor muscle contribute to?
Sphincter vesicae
37
What is the nerve supply to the rectum?
The inferior hypogastric plexus
38
What is the vaginal artery a branch of?
Can be a branch of the uterine artery or a direct branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
39
What is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina?
Internal iliac nodes and then to the superficial inguinal nodes
40
What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?
Aortic nodes at the root of the ovarian artery L2
41
What are the ligaments that support the cervix?
- Uterosacral (sacrocervical) - Pubocervical (pubovesical) - Transverse cervical (cardinal ligament)
42
What structure is highlighted?
The broad ligament
43
What attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament?
The mesovarian
44
What is the most superior part of the uterus?
The fundus
45
What muscle is highlighted?
The puborectalis - passes round the rectum and contracts to bend the wall of the rectum
46
Describe the location of the rectum
An extension of the sigmoid colon which becomes the rectum at S3 From the sacrum it passes to the tip of the coccyx and pierces the pelvic floor to become the anal canal (3rd sacral vertebrae to tip of coccyx)
47
What is the name of the condition in which a fertilised ovum implants into the uterine tube?
Ectopic pregnancy
48
What are the 3 named arteries that supply blood to the rectum and what is their origin?
Superior rectal artery (from inferior mesenteric) Middle rectal artery (from internal iliac) Inferior rectal artery (from internal pudendal)
49
What arteries supply the bladder?
2 superior vesical arteries | 1 inferior vesical artery (vaginal artery in females)
50
What are the parts of the uterine tube?
Blue - Fimbrae Red - Infundibulum Green - Ampulla Yellow - Isthimus
51
What does the vaginal artery supply?
Distal uterus and vagina
52
What is highlighted in green in the image?
Urachus/ Median umbilical ligament
53
What is the main lymphatic drainage of the bladder and urethra?
The internal iliac nodes
54
What is held within the suspensory ovarian ligament?
Ovarian artery and vein
55
True or False? | The 3 named arteries that supply blood to the rectum are all bilateral
False! There is only one superior rectal artery The middle and inferior are seen bilaterally as they are branches of the internal iliac arteries
56
What does the internal pudendal artery supply?
The distal vagina and perineum
57
What is the male equivalent of the pubovaginalis?
Puboprostaticus which supports the prostate gland
58
What lines the muscular walls of the uterus and is shed each menstrual cycle?
Endometrium
59
What are the 2 pouches formed by the parietal peritoneum in females?
- Vesicouterine pouch between the uterus and bladder | - Pouch of Douglas/rectouterine pouch between the uterus and rectum
60
What pouch is formed by the peritoneum in males?
The vesicorectal pouch between the bladder and rectum
61
Describe the origin of the vesicular arteries that supply the bladder?
Superior vesical arteries arise from the umbilical branch of the anterior division of internal iliac artery. Inferior vesical artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
62
What covers the uterus?
The broad ligament
63
What is highlighted?
The vagina
64
What is the blood supply to the uterus?
Uterine arteries which branch off the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
65
What are the three parts of the broad ligament?
Mesosalpinx Mesovarium Mesometrium
66
What does anteflexed mean?
The long axis of the uterus is bend forward at the internal os with the long axis of the vagina

Gross Anatomy 3 (14 decks)

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