Pelvic Limb Muscles

Question 1

Biceps femoris

Answer 1

caudal muscle of the thigh. 1/3 hamstring muscles.
O: sacrotuberous ligament + ischiatic tuberosity
I: patella, patellar ligament via fascia lata, crural fascia, calcaneal tuber via common calcaneal tendon
A: hip extension, stifle, hock. flex stifle when not weight bearing
N: sciatic nerve

Question 2

Semitendinosus

Answer 2

caudal muscle of the thigh. 1/3 hamstring muscles.
O: ischiatic tuberosity
I: distocranial tibia, tuber calcanei
A: hip extension, tarsal extension, flex stifle
N: sciatic nerve

Question 3

Semimembranosus

Answer 3

caudal muscle of the thigh. 1/3 hamstring muscles.
O: ischiatic tuberosity
I: caudomedial aspect of distal femur, medial condyle of tibia via tendon
A: hip extension, flex/extend stifle depending on limb position
N: sciatic nerve

Question 4

Superficial gluteal muscle

Answer 4

Lateral pelvic muscle.
O: sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
I: Third trochanter
A: hip extension, limb abduction
N: caudal gluteal nerve

Question 5

Middle gluteal muscle

Answer 5

Lateral pelvic muscle.
O: gluteal surface, crest of the ilium
I: Greater trochanter
A: hip extension, abduct the limb
N: cranial gluteal nerve

Question 6

Tensor fascia latae muscle

Answer 6

O: tuber coxae, aponeurosis of middle gluteal
I: Lateral femoral fascia
A: hip flexion, stifle extension
N: cranial gluteal muscle

Question 7

Piriformis muscle

Answer 7

deep caudal portion of middle gluteal muscle
O: lateral surface of 3rd sacral and 1st caudal vertebrae
I: Greater trochanter
A: hip extension, abduct the limb
N: caudal gluteal nerve

Question 8

Deep gluteal muscle

Answer 8

O: ilium near ischiatic spine
I: Greater trochanter
A: hip extension, abduct limb, rotate medially
N: cranial gluteal nerve

Question 9

Gracilis

Answer 9

O: pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon
I: cranial border of the tibia and tuber calcanei
A: limb adductor, stifle flexion, extension of hip and hock
N: obturator n.

Question 10

Sartorius

Answer 10

has cranial and caudal parts. N: femoral nerve
Cranial O: iliac crest and spine
Cranial I: combines with tendon of quadriceps femoris
Cranial A: extend stifle joint, flex the hip

Caudal O: cranial part of ventral iliac spine
Caudal I: crural fascia on the cranial tibia
Caudal A: flex the stifle, flex the hip

Question 11

Femoral triangle borders

Answer 11

cranial: caudal belly of the sartorius muscle
Caudal: pectineus muscle
Base: inguinal ligament

Question 12

Pectineus

Answer 12

O: prepubic tendon, iliopubic eminence
I: distal end of medial of the caudal rough face of the femur
A: adducts pelvic limb
N: obturator nerve

Question 13

Adductor

Answer 13

made up of adductor longus and the magnust et. brevis. 
O: pelvic symphysis 
I: lateral lip of the femur
A: adductor of pelvic limb
N: obturator nerve

Question 14

Iliopsoas

Answer 14

made up of psoas major and iliacus.
Psoas O: lumbar vertebrae
Iliacus O: ventral border of ilium
Insertion: lesser trochanter
A: flexion of hip and lumbar vertebral column
N: femoral n., ventral lumbar spinal nerves

Question 15

External obturator

Answer 15

O: ventral surface of the pelvis
I: Trochanteric fossa
A: rotate limb laterally
N: obturator nerve

Question 16

Quadratus femoris

Answer 16

O: ventral surface of caudal portion of the ischium
I: trochanteric fossa
A: Lateral rotation of the hip, extend hip
N: sciatic nerve

Question 17

Internal obturator

Answer 17

O: pelvic side of pubis and ischium
I: trochanteric fossa
A: rotate limb laterally
N: sciatic

Question 18

Gemelli

Answer 18

O: outer surface of the ischium
I: trochanteric fossa
A: rotate limb laterally
N: sciatic nerve

Question 19

Rectus femoris

Answer 19

O: rectus femoris surface
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon
A: flex hip, extend stifle
N: femoral nerve

Question 20

Vastus medialis

Answer 20

O: proximal 1/5th of the femur
I: tibial tuberosity (quad tendon)
A: extend stifle
N: femoral

Question 21

Vastus lateralis

Answer 21

O: craniolateral part of the proximal femur
I: tibial tuberosity (quad tendon)
A: extend stifle joint
N: femoral

Question 22

Vastus intermedius

Answer 22

O: vastus lateralus
I: tibial tuberosity (quad tendon)
A: extend stifle joint
N: femoral nerve

Question 23

Cranial tibial

Answer 23

O: extensor groove, lateral edge of tibia
I: plantar surface of metatarsal 1 and 2
A: flex tarsus, rotate paw laterally
N: common peroneal nerve

Question 24

Peronius (fibularis) longus

Answer 24

O: lateral condyle of the tibia, proximal fibula, lateral epicondyle of the femur
I: 4th tarsal and metatarsals
A: flex tarsus, rotate paw medially
N: common peroneal nerve

Question 25

Long digital extensor

Answer 25

O: extensor fossa on lateral epicondyle of femur I: distal phalanx of digits II-V A: flex tarsus, extend digits N: common peroneal

Question 26

Superficial digital flexor

Answer 26

O: lateral supracondylar tuberosity I: plantar aspect of middle phalanges II-V, contributes to common calcanean A: extend tarsal joints, flex digits N: tibial nerve

Question 27

Gastrocnemius

Answer 27

O: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur I: tuber calcanei, contributes to common calcanean A: extend tarsus, stifle flexion N: tibial nerve

Question 28

Popliteus

Answer 28

O: plantar surface of the lateral condyle of femur I: proximal 1/3rd of caudal tibia A: rotates limb medially N: tibial nerve

Question 29

Lateral digital flexor

Answer 29

O: proximal half of the caudal fibula, proximal caudolateral aspect of the tibia, interosseous membrane I: flexor tubercle of each phalanx A: extend tarsal joints, flex digits N: tibial nerve

Question 30

Medial digital flexor

Answer 30

O: head of fibula I: plantar aspect of distal phalanx II-V A: extend tarsal joint, flex digits N: tibial nerve