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GA II > SA Head > Flashcards

SA Head Flashcards

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1
Q

Bones of the hyoid apparatus

A

Tympanohyoid cartilage, stylohyoid, epihyoid, ceratohyoid, basihyoid, thyrohyoid

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2
Q

4 extrinsic muscles of the hyoid

A

Geniohyoid, mylohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid

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3
Q

Geniohyoid muscle

A

extrinsic muscle. Protractor of the hyoid.

Innervated by CN XII

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4
Q

Mylohyoid muscle

A

extrinsic muscle. Protractor of the hyoid.

Innervated by CN V

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5
Q

Thyrohyoideus

A

extrinsic muscle. Retractor of the hyoid. Innervated by CN XI and cervicals.
Also responsible for for protracting the larynx to meet the epiglottis and close the aditus

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6
Q

Sternohyoideus

A

extrinsic muscle. Retractor of the hyoid. Innervated by CN XI and cervicals

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7
Q

Lingualis proprius

A

intrinsic muscle of the tongue. Changes shape. Innervated by CN XII

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8
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Hyoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus

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9
Q

Hyoglossus

A

extrinsic muscle of the tongue, retracts the tongue. Innervated by CN XII

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10
Q

Genioglossus

A

extrinsic muscle of the tongue. protracts the tongue. Innervated by CN XII

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11
Q

Styloglossus

A

extrinsic muscle. moves the tongue side to side. Innervated by CN XII

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12
Q

Caudal 1/3rd of the tongue innervation

A

All by CNIX glossopharyngeal

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13
Q

Rostral 2/3rds of the tongue innervation

A

Taste: chorda tympani branch (CN VII)

All other sensation: lingual branch of CN V (V3)

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14
Q

Pharyngeal muscles

A

palatopharyngeus, pterygopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, hyopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, cricopharyngeus

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15
Q

Palatopharyngeus + pterygopharyngeus

A

protractors of the pharynx (bring up to meet food), innervated by CN IX and X

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16
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

dilator of the pharynx (open for food), innervated by CN IX and X

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17
Q

hyopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, cricopharyngeus

A

constrictor of the pharynx, innervated by CN IX and X

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18
Q

Ranulae

A

accumulation of fluid due to a blocked salivary duct

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19
Q

Facial nerve

A

motor to all facial mm. 1 sensory branch = chorda tympani.
Main branches: auriculopalpebral, dorsal buccal, ventral buccal, caudal auricular, coli
Exits the stylomastoid foramen

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20
Q

Platysma m.

A

O: dorsal median raphe of the neck
I: commissure of the mouth
N: facial
A: keeps the cheek taut, pulls corner of the mouth back

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21
Q

Palpebral group of facial muscles

A

Orbicularis oculi, frontalis, levator nasolabialis

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22
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

found around the eye.
A: blinking
N: auriculopalpebral branch of CNVII

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23
Q

Frontalis m.

A

found in forehead region

N: auriculopalpebral branch of CNVII

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24
Q

Levator nasolabialis

A

A: raises upper lip
N: auriculopalpebral branch of CNVII

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25
Aural group of facial muscles
dorsoauricular (pull medially), rostroauricular (pull forward), caudoauricular (pull back), ventroauricular (pull down) N: caudal auricular branch of the colli n. of CNVII
26
Oral facial muscles
Maxillonasolabialis, orbicularis oris, mentalis, buccinator
27
Maxillo-nasolabialis
from nose + maxillary bone to upper lip. Has 2 parts: caninus and levator labii superioris. A: raises lip, flares nostril
28
Orbicularis oris
A: closes the mouth N: dorsal and ventral buccal branches of CNVII
29
Mentalis
from rostral mandible to orbicularis oris. | A: depresses lower lip
30
Buccinator
from maxilla and mandible, run along the cheek. A: keeps food between teeth N: dorsal and ventral buccal branches of CNVII
31
Zygomaticus
from commissure of mouth to zygomatic arch. A: keeps mouth a slit, pulls back corners. N: auriculopalpebral n. of CNVII
32
Structures at risk in ear ablation
parotid gland, facial nerve branches, retroarticular vein
33
muscles of mastication
masseter, temporalis, pterygoids, digastricus | N: innervated by branches of V3 except caudal belly of digastricus (CNVII)
34
V1
exits orbital fissure. Branches: nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal 100% sensory
35
V2
exits round foramen. Branches: zygomatic, infraorbital, pterygopalatine 100% sensory
36
V3
exits round foramen. Branches: buccal, lingual, inferior alveolar (goes through inf. alveolar canal in mandible), mylohyoid, auriculotemporal
37
Branches of CCA
Cranial thyroid artery | Terminal branches = ECA and ICA
38
Deep blood supply to the head
Basilar artery - formed by anastomosis of vertebrals, ventral spinal and occipital aa.
39
ICA trajectory
ascends to TOF and enters the carotid canal, exits the carotid canal via foramen lacerum, does 180 degree turn and reenters to head into the brain *ICA non functional in cats and ruminants
40
ECA branches
occipital, ascending pharyngeal, cranial laryngeal, lingual, facial, caudal auricular Terminal branches: sup. temporal, maxillary
41
Facial a.
supplies the lips and nose. Used as a facial pulse point
42
Caudal auricular a.
supplies the external ear
43
Maxillary a. branches pre-alar canal
inferior alveolar, caudal deep temporal
44
Maxillary a. branches post-alar canal
rostral deep temporal, external ophthalmic, minor palatine, descending palatine (major and sphenopalatine aa.)
45
Maxillary a. terminal branch
infraorbital a. upon entering the maxillary foramen | Supplies upper teeth
46
Inferior alveolar a.
accompanied by inferior alveolar nerve (V3) - both enter mandibular foramen to supply the lower teeth
47
External ophthalmic a.
first branch of maxillary post-alar canal. Supplies the periorbita
48
Occipital a.
supplies caudal muscles of the skull
49
Lingual a.
supplies the tongue
50
superficial temporal a.
supplies temporalis m.
51
4 important ligaments of the larynx
``` hyoepiglottic ligament (basihyoid bone attachment) cranially, crico-tracheal ligament (caudal), cricothyroid ligament (ventral), thyroarytenoid ligament (medial) 2 TA ligaments = vocal lig. and vestibular lig. ```
52
Aryepiglottic fold
functions to help seal the aditus during swallowing
53
Caudal thyroarytenoid fold
aka vocal fold, functions to make sounds
54
Cranial thyroarytenoid fold
aka vestibular fold
55
Laryngeal ventricle
b/w vocal and ventricular folds, blind pouch
56
How to make lower pitched sounds?
loosen the vocal folds by contracting the vocalis part of the thyroarytenoideus m.
57
How to make higher pitched sounds?
tighten the vocal folds by contracting the cricothyroideus to pull the thyroid down (away from arytenoids)
58
what muscle closes the airway? (adducts folds)
Lateral cricoarytenoid m. (cricoarytenoideus lateralis)
59
what muscle opens the airway? (abducts folds)
dorsal cricoarytenoid (cricoarytenoideus dorsalis)
60
Sternothyroideus m.
responsible for retracting the larynx down the neck to open the aditus
61
Cranial laryngeal branch of vagus innervates?
sensation to supraglottic cavity, motor to cricothyroideus
62
caudal laryngeal nerve innervates?
sensory to infraglottic cavity, motor to all intrinsic muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid)
63
Glossopharyngeal n.
exits jugular foramen Sensory: caudal 1/3rd of tongue, carotid body and sinus, pharyngeal mucosa Motor: pharyngeal muscles, PSNS to salivary glands
64
Canine dental formula (deciduous)
2x i 3/3 c 1/1 p 3/3
65
Canine dental formula (permanent)
2x I 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M 2/3
66
Feline dental formula (deciduous)
2x i 3/3 c 1/1 p 3/2
67
Feline dental formula (permanent)
2x I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 1/1
68
Equine dental formula
2x I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3-4/3-4 M 3/3
69
Ruminant dental formula
2x I 0/3 C 0/1 P 3/3 M 3/3

GA II (2 decks)

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