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GIGU Exam 2 > Pelvic & Perineal Angiology > Flashcards

Pelvic & Perineal Angiology Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal Aorta

A
  • Main vessel bringing blood supply to the lower portion of the body
  • Branches into Left and Right Common Iliac Artery around the level of L4 vertebrae
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2
Q

External Iliac Artery exits under the ___ ____ (femoral artery) while the __ ___ ___ goes on to branch and supply the pelvic viscera

A
  • Inguinal Ligament
  • Internal Iliac Artery
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3
Q

Branches from the Abdominal Aorta

A
  • Gonadal Arteries
  • Median Sacral Artery
  • Superior Rectal Artery (via the inferior mesenteric artery that supplies the superior part of the rectum)
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4
Q

Internal Iliac Artery

A
  • Paired branch of the Common Iliac Artery around the pelvic brim
  • Supplies the viscera and muscles of the pelvic region including the perineum and gluteal area
  • Travels posteromedial into the lesser pelvis
  • Internal Iliac Vein follows it
  • Bifurcates around the greater sciatic foramen into an anterior and posterior division
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5
Q

Branches of the Anterior Division of the Internal Iliac Artery in Females

A

(1) Umbilical Artery
(2) Obturator Artery
(3) Uterine Artery
(4) Vaginal Artery
(5) Middle Rectal Artery
(6) Internal Pudendal Artery
(7) Inferior Gluteal Artery

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6
Q

Branches of the Anterior Division of the Internal Iliac Artery in Males

A

(1) Umbilical Artery
(2) Obturator Artery
(3) Inferior Vesical Artery
(4) Middle Rectal Artery
(5) Internal Pudendal Artery
(6) Inferior Gluteal Artery

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7
Q

Anterior Division of the Internal Iliac Artery

A
  • Travels anteriorly along the lateral pelvic wall giving off several branches
  • Branches supply the pelvic viscera, perineum, and superior aspects of the thigh
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8
Q

Umbilical Artery

A
  • First branch off Anterior Division
  • Paired branch
  • Travels along the lateral pelvic wall to the anterior abdominal wall
  • Produces the Superior Vesical Artery and becomes the Medial Umbilical Ligament
  • In utero it moves superiorly and passes through the umbilical ring to the umbilical cord
  • After birth it obliterates and its remnants are within the medial umbilical ligaments (covered by peritoneum = medial umbilical fold)
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9
Q

Branch off Umbilical Artery

A
  • Superior Vesical Artery
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10
Q

Superior Vesical Artery

A
  • Paired branch (or branches) off the umbilical artery
  • Travels to the superior aspect of the urinary bladder
  • Supplies the superior aspect of urinary bladder
  • In males it may provide vascularization to the ductus deferens (artery to the ductus deferens) within the pelvic cavity
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11
Q

Obturator Artery

A
  • Paired branch off the internal iliac artery division originating often near where the umbilical artery is crossed by the ureter
  • Travels towards the obturator foramen (anteroinferior) by running within the obturator fascia on the lateral pelvic wall
  • Passes through the obturator canal along the obturator nerve to travel out of the pelvis
  • Supplies the pelvic muscles, ilium, femoral head, and muscles of the medial thigh
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12
Q

Accessory Obturator Artery

A
  • Some people may have an extra vessel entering the obturator canal with the obturator artery
  • It comes from a branch of the external iliac artery
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13
Q

Aberrant Obturator Artery

A
  • Some people can have a variation in where the obturator branches from
  • Comes from the external iliac artery
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14
Q

Uterine Artery

A
  • Paired branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery in the female
  • Runs in the transverse cervical ligament (cardinal) and/or broad ligament
  • Supplies the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and ureters
  • Crosses the ureter to reach the cervix
    “Water under the bridge” – clinically relevant for hysterectomies!!
  • Size can change during pregnancy, delivering more blood to the placenta
  • Divides into several branches (vaginal, ovarian, tubal)
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15
Q

Vaginal Artery

A
  • Paired branch from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery that runs towards the lateral aspect of the vagina but can also come off the uterine artery
  • Provides many branches to the lateral vagina, forming a network
  • Provides branches to the urinary bladder and supplies the bulb of the vestibule and rectum
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16
Q

What branches off the Inferior Vesical Artery?

A
  • Artery to the Ductus Deferens
  • Prostatic Artery
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17
Q

Inferior Vesical Artery

A
  • Males only!
  • Paired branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
  • Runs in the lateral ligament of the bladder and gives off several branches near the posterior aspect of the bladder
  • Supplies the inferior urinary bladder, ureter, prostate, seminal vesicles, and ductus deferens
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18
Q

Artery to the Ductus Deferens

A
  • Branch of the inferior vesical artery, but can come off from the superior vesical as well
  • Travels to the ductus deferens to provide vascularization
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19
Q

What is the female homolog of the Artery to the Ductus Deferens?

A

Uterine Artery

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20
Q

Prostatic Artery

A
  • Branch of the inferior vesical artery
  • Descends towards the posterolateral aspect of the prostate gland
  • Supplies the Prostate and Prostatic Urethra
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21
Q

Internal Pudendal Artery

A
  • Paired branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
  • Exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen along with the piriformis (inferior to it)
  • Runs along the ischial spine (sacrospinous ligament) and enters the perineum (ischioanal fossa) through the lesser sciatic foramen
  • Branches after passing thru the Pudendal Canal (near the ischial tuberosity) ti reach the perineum including the urogenital and anal triangles
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22
Q

What are the branches of the Internal Pudendal Artery in Females?

A

(1) Inferior Rectal Artery
(2) Perineal Artery
(3) Artery of the Vaginal Vestibule
(4) Deep Artery of the Clitoris
(5) Dorsal Artery of the Clitoris

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23
Q

What are the branches of the Internal Pudendal Artery in Males?

A

(1) Inferior Rectal Artery
(2) Perineal Artery
(3) Artery of the Bulb of the Penis
(4) Deep Artery of the Penis
(5) Dorsal Artery of the Penis

24
Q

Inferior Rectal Artery

A
  • Paired branch of the internal pudendal artery
  • Exits the pudendal canal and goes thru the ischioanal fossa to the anal canal
  • Supplies the anal canal inferior to the pectinate line including the sphincters and the skin around the anus
25
Q

Perineal Artery

A
  • Paired branch of the internal pudendal artery
  • Runs thru the pudendal canal (obturator internus fascia) and enters into the superficial perineal pouch
  • Supplies the superficial perineal muscles and the vaginal vestibule/scrotum
26
Q

What is the terminal branch of the Perineal Artery in Females?

A

Posterior Labial Artery

27
Q

What is the terminal branch of the Perineal Artery in Males?

A

Posterior Scrotal Artery

28
Q

Posterior Labial Artery

A
  • Females only!
  • Paired terminal branch of the perineal artery
  • Runs within the superficial fascia of the labia majora
  • Supplies the Labia Majora and Minora
29
Q

Artery of the Vaginal Vestibule

A
  • Females only!
  • Paired branch of the Internal Pudendal Artery
  • Goes thru the perineal membrane to reach the vestibule of the vagina
  • Supplies the bulb of the vestibule and the greater vestibular gland
30
Q

Posterior Scrotal Artery

A
  • Males only!
  • Paired terminal branch of the perineal artery
  • Runs within the scrotum’s superficial fascia to supply the scrotum’s skin
31
Q

Artery of the Bulb of the Penis

A
  • Males only!
  • Paired branch of the internal pudendal artery
  • Crosses the perineal membrane and runs to the bulb of the penis
  • Supplies the bulb of the penis including the urethra and bulbourethral gland
32
Q

What is the female homolog of the Artery of the Bulb of the Penis?

A

Artery of the Vaginal Vestibule

33
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the Internal Pudendal Artery in Females?

A
  • Deep Artery of the Clitoris
  • Dorsal Artery of the Clitoris
34
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the Internal Pudendal Artery in Males?

A
  • Deep Artery of the Penis
  • Dorsal Artery of the Penis
35
Q

Deep Artery of the Clitoris

A
  • Females only!
  • Paired terminal branch of the internal pudendal artery
  • Goes thru the perineal membrane to reach the Corpora Cavernosa of the clitoris
  • Supplies the erectile tissue within the clitoris
36
Q

Dorsal Artery of the Clitoris

A
  • Females only!
  • Paired terminal branch of the internal pudendal artery
  • Goes thru the perineal membrane to enter the deep perineal pouch
  • Travels within the suspensory ligament of the clitoris to reach the clitoral body
  • Runs on the dorsal surface of the clitoris to the glans
  • Supplies the deep perineal pouch, the tissue surrounding the clitoris and the glans clitoris
37
Q

Dorsal Artery of the Penis

A
  • Males only!
  • Paired terminal branch of the internal pudendal artery
  • Goes thru the perineal membrane to the Corpora Cavernosa of the penis
  • Supplies the erectile tissue within the penis
38
Q

Dorsal Artery of the Penis

A
  • Males only!
  • Paired terminal branch of the internal pudendal artery
  • Goes thru the perineal membrane to the deep perineal pouch to travel towards the suspensory ligament of the penis; travels with it to the dorsum of the penis where it runs along the dorsal body to the glans penis
  • Supplies the deep perineal pouch, the skin and surrounding tissue of the penis, spongy urethra and the glans penis
39
Q

What is the female homolog of the Artery of the Bulb of the Penis?

A

Artery of the Vaginal Vestibule

40
Q

Middle Rectal Artery

A
  • Paired branch off of the anterior branch of the internal iliac artery
  • Travels inferiorly to reach the inferior rectum
  • Supplies the inferior rectum, anal canal, seminal vesicle (M), prostate (M), or vagina (F)
41
Q

Inferior Gluteal Artery

A
  • Paired branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery (can come off the posterior branch)
  • Exits the pelvis thru the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis
  • Supplies the pelvic diaphragm, piriformis, quadratus femoris, gluteal muscles, hamstrings and sciatic nerve
42
Q

Posterior Division of the Internal Iliac Artery

A
  • Second division of teh internal iliac artery
  • Runs posteriorly and provides branches to the pelvic wall and the gluteal region
  • Gives off 3 main branches
43
Q

Branches of the Posterior Division of the Internal Iliac Artery

A

(1) Iliolumbar Artery
(2) Lateral Sacral Artery
(3) Superior Gluteal Artery

44
Q

Iliolumbar Artery

A
  • Paired branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery
  • Runs superiorly along the SI joint near the lumbosacral trunk towards the iliac fossa
  • Divides into branches (iliac and lumbar) that supply the psoas major, iliacus, quadratus lumborum and cauda equina
45
Q

Lateral Sacral Artery

A
  • Paired vessel off the posterior division of the internal iliac artery
  • Runs across the piriformis towards the sacrum; enters the anterior then posterior sacral foramina
  • Supplies the piriformis, erector spinae, sacral canal, and overlying skin
46
Q

Superior Gluteal Artery

A
  • Paired terminal branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery
  • Passes between the lumbosacral trunk and anterior ramus of S1 to exit the pelvis thru the Greater Sciatic Foramen, running superior to the piriformis
  • Supplies the piriformis, gluteal muscles, and tensor fascia lata
  • Typically this is the largest of the posterior branches
47
Q

Pelvic Venous Plexus includes what 3 pelxuses?

A
  • Pampiniform Venous Plexus
  • Internal Rectal Venous Plexus
  • External Rectal Venous Plexus
48
Q

Pampiniform Venous Plexus (Males)

A
  • Located within the spermatic cord, traveling from the scrotum to the body wall in the male
  • Made up of a network that forms the Testicular Vein
49
Q

Pampiniform Venous Plexus (Females)

A
  • Located within the suspensory ligament of the ovary, traveling from the ovary towards the body wall in the female
  • Made up of a network that forms the Ovarian Vein
50
Q

Internal Rectal Venous Plexus

A
  • Superior most anastomosis of the superior, middle and inferior rectal veins
  • Located in the submucosa of the anal canal
51
Q

External Rectal Venous Plexus

A
  • Located near the anus
  • Created by the internetworking on the superior, middle, and inferior rectal veins
52
Q

Internal Iliac Vein

A
  • Paired vein found behind the internal iliac artery near the greater sciatic foramen
  • Drains the same areas of the body it supplies
53
Q

Common Iliac Vein

A
  • Paired vein that forms when the internal and external iliac veins merge
  • Common Iliac merge to create the IVC
54
Q

External Iliac Lymph Node

A
  • Group of lymph nodes that receive lymph from the inguinal nodes and the superior aspect of the anterior pelvic organs
  • Located above the pelvic rim, near the external iliac vessels
  • Lymph from these nodes goes into the common iliac nodes
55
Q

Internal Iliac Lymph Nodes

A
  • Group of lymph nodes that receive lymph from the inferior pelvic viscera, deep perineum and gluteal region
  • Located near the anterior and posterior divisions of the internal iliac artery
  • Lymph from these nodes goes into the common iliac nodes
56
Q

Sacral Lymph Node

A
  • Group of lymph nodes that receive lymph from the posterior pelvic viscera
  • Located next to the median sacral vessels in the concavity of the sacrum
  • Lymph from these nodes goes into the common iliac or internal iliac lymph nodes
57
Q

Common Iliac Lymph Node

A
  • Group of lymph nodes that receive lymph from the external iliac, internal iliac, and sacral lymph node groups
  • Located along the Common Iliac Vessels
  • Lymph travels into the lumbar or pre-aortic lymph nodes

GIGU Exam 2 (9 decks)

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