Pelvic Vasculature and Genitalia Flashcards by Garrett Oberst

Abdominal aorta bifurcates where into what

Right and left common iliac artery

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Common iliac bifurcates where into what

Pelvic brim

Internal and external iliac

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External iliac runs

Under inguinal ligament to become femoral artery

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Internal iliac runs

Into the true pelvis and becomes posterior and anterior

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Anterior branches of internal iliac artery

Umbilical artery 
Obturator artery
Inferior gluteal
Internal pudendal
Visceral 
All parietal but visceral

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Posterior branches of internal iliac artery

Iliolumbar
Lateral sacral
Superior gluteal
All parietal

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Umbilical artery

Becomes occluded in adult as medial umbilical ligament

May give rise to superior vesicle artery and uterine artery

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Obturator artery runs and supplies

Leaves with obturator nerve and vein through obturator canal

Supplies iliacus muscle and other in lower limb

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Inferior gluteal artery runs

Terminal branch

Passes through greater sciatic foramen

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Internal pudendal artery supplies

Main artery of perineum

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Superior vesicle artery supplies

Supplies superior part of bladder

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Inferior vesicle artery supplies

Supplies inferior part of bladder, prostate, and seminal vesicles

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Uterine artery runs, supplies

Cross ureter and passes with cardinal ligament (transverse cervical) to reach the uterus
Supplies uterus and anastomoses with overian artery

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Vaginal artery supplies

Superior region of vagina

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Middle rectal artery supplies

Supplies rectum

Anastomoses with superior and inferior rectal

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Iliolumbar artery supplies

Iliacus and psoas muscles

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Lateral sacral artery supplies

Spinal branches entering anterior sacral foramina

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Superior gluteal artery runs

Between lumbosacral trunk and S1

Exits pelvis through greater foramen

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Each pelvic organ in true pelvis surrounded by

Plexus of veins that drain into internal iliac vein to reach IVC

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Exception to plexuses of true pelvis

Superior mesenteric vein follower superior rectal artery to hepatic portal vein

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Pelvic venous plexus clinical consideration

Easy spread of disease from pelvis to vertebral column

Pevlic communicate with external and internal vertebral plexus

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Sacral plexus exits through and innervates

L4-S4
Anterior sacral foramen
Pelvis, perineum, posterior thigh, most of lower leg, all of foot

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Lumbosacral trunk and where it runs

L4/5 as they run over pelvic brim into true pelvis

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Pudendal nerve arises from and innervates

Arises from S2-S4

Perineum

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Coccygeal plexus innervates

Area around coccyx and anus

Where is aortic plexus renamed and to what

L4/5 | Superior hypogastric plexus

Where is superior hypogastric plexus renamed and to what

True pelvis | Inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexuses)

Below L2, there are only ______ communicans

Grey rami communcans

Sacral splanchnics

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers that join hypogastric plexus for distribution

Pevlic splanchnics and where they exit into true pevlis

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from S2-S4 Descend with cauda equina - anterior sacral foramen Also join hypogastric plexi

Organs of pelvis initally drained by

Visceral nodes

Parietal nodes of pelvis and where they go

Internal iliac, external iliac, common iliac | To aortic nodes to cisterna chyli to thoracic duct

Genetalia located in the

Urogenital triangle

Bucks's fascia

Deep connective tissue of the penis

Tuncia albugina

Tough CT capsule of penis

Lateral masses of penis

Corpus cavernosa

Median mass of penis

Corpus spongiosum

Spongy urethra

Erectile tissue completely surround this portion of urethra

Blood supply of penis

Internal pudendal artery

Veins of peins relative to Bucks fascia

Superficial dorsal penile vein - drains skin | Deep dorsal penile vein - drains erectile tissue

Glans penis covered by

Prepuce

Navicular fossa

Dilated end of the urethra in glans region

Dorsal penile nerve innervates

Skin of the glans

Crus of the penis (Crus of corpus cavernosus) attach to

Attach to ischiopubic ramus

Bulb of penis

Proximal end of corpus spongiosum

Crus of penis covered by

Ischocavernosus muscles

Bulb of penis covered by

Bulbospongiosus muscle

Main sensory neve to penis/clitoris and what it is a terminal branch of

Dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris - pudendal nerve

Erection involves coordination of

Somatosensory and parasympathetic innervation

Parasympathetic during erection

vasodilation of arteries allowing blood to fill cavernous spaces

Cutaneous innervation erection

Glans - helps maintain

Somatomotor innervaiton erection

Compresses veins to prevent blood from leaving tissue

Ejaculation involves coordination of

Somatomotor and sympathetic

Sympathetic ejaculation

Casues seminal emission

Contractions of what muslce also occur during ejaculation

Bulbospongiosus (somatic)

Vulva function

Sensory Direct urine flow Prevent entry of foreign material

Mons pubis

Rounded fatty eminence anterior to pubic symphysis

Labia majora

Two raised skin folds covered with hair

Labia minora

Hairless folds just inside majora

Prepuce

Encloses glands clitoris

Folds of labia minor

Upper - prepuce | Lower - frenulum of the flitoris

Posterior merging of the labia minora is

Forchette or posterior frenulum of labia minora

Vestibule of vagina

Space just inside labia minora | Where vaginal orifice and external urethral orifice open

Surgical perineum boundaries

Posterior - border of anus Lateral - medial thigh creases Anterior - vagina/root of scrotum

Episiotomy

Incision of perineum and posterior vaginal wall to enlarge opening

Glans clitoris

Spongy erectile tissue where labia minora come together

Skin overlying clitoris innervated by

Dorsla nerve of clitoris from pudendal nerve

Body of clitoris

Supports glans and comprised of cavernous ereticle tissue

Crura of clitoris

Cavernous erectile tissue that is continuous with clitoris | Covered by ischiocavernosus muscle

Vestibular bulbs

Lie in wall of vestibule of vagina | Covered by bulbospongiosus muscle

Vestibular glands

Lie below bulbs

Testis anterior and lateral covered by

Tunica vaginalis

Visceral testis associated with

Tunical albuginea

Tunica albuginea

Dense fibrous layer deep to visceral tunica

Septa

Extension of tunia albuginea that connect to mediastinum testis Divides testis into lobules

Mediastinumtestis

Knot of connective tissue on posterior aspect of testis

Rete testis

Spaces within mediastinum testis

Seminiferous tubules

Produce spermatozoa

Straight tubules

Connect semiferous tubulus with rete testis

Efferent ductules

Connect rete testis to head of epididymis

Epididymis

Divided into head body and tail and continuous with ductus deferens

Ductus deferens

Passes up posterior into spermatic cord

Testicular artery arises from

Abdominal aorta

Pampiniform plexus of veins

Carry cooler blood around testicular | Returns to IVC

Lympathic drainge of testes

FOllows venous return to aortic visceral nodes in abdomen

Autonomic plexus of the abdomen

Follow blood vessels to innervate testes

testicular torsion

Spermatic cord twists and causes ischemia to testes

Sueprficial dartos muscle

COntracts and wrinkles skin of tests to pull testes closer to the body

External spermatic fascia

Continuation of aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique

Cremasteric fascia

Continuation of internal abdominal oblique

Tunica vaginalis

Peritoneum that descended with testis | parietal portion and visceral portion

Blood supply and innervation of scrotum

Anterior and posterior scrotal arteries from internal and external pudendal arteries

Pelvic Vasculature and Genitalia Flashcards

(92 cards)