Pelvic Viscera

Question 1

there is a kink in the ureter when they enter the pelvic bone directly above an important anatomical mark. This mark is

Answer 1

the bifurcation of the common iliac artery into the external and internal iliac artery

Question 2

from the side of the pelvis to the middle, the ureter is crossed proximally, by a different structure depending on whether its a male or a female. What are these structures?

Answer 2

Female –> Uterine Arteries

Male –> Vas Deferens

Question 3

is the retropubic space always present?

Answer 3

potential space between bladder and pubic bone

Question 4

what is the shape of the bladder and where do the main structures insert into it?

Answer 4

base is triangular and the apex of the bladder points anteriorly
the ureter enter at the top of the triangular base
Urethra exits by the apex of the bladder

Question 5

where is the bladder reinforced to decrease its mobility?

Answer 5

at the level of the neck as the rest of the bladder needs to be able to distend

Question 6

what are the ligaments that support the neck of the bladder?

Answer 6

Pubo-Vescico Ligament ( from the anterior surface of the pubis, in the male surrounds the prostate)
Lateral Pelvic Ligament (fascia condensation from the lateral sides of the pelvis that envelop the vessels that supply the neck of the bladder)

Question 7

what is the name of the pat of the bladder that expands? what portion of the bladder is it?

Answer 7

Fondus

Superiorly

Question 8

what parts of the male reproductive system are in the mid line?

Answer 8

Urethra

Penis

Question 9

what structures of the male reproductive system are bilaterally?

Answer 9

testis
epididymis
vas deferens
ejaculatory duct

Question 10

what part of the epididymis forms the vas deferens?

Answer 10

the tail

Question 11

in relation to the bladder how does the vas deferens relates to it?

Answer 11

it passes posterior to it, towards the prostate, sitting atop the insertion of the ureter into the bladder

Question 12

The ejaculatory ducts enter the prostate and they are formed by the coming together of…

Answer 12

The vas deferens and the Seminal Vesicle

Question 13

what is the function of the seminal vesicle?

Answer 13

secrete an alkaline fluid rich in fructose

Question 14

the urogenital diaphragm is on top or underneath the prostate?

Answer 14

underneath

Question 15

what lobe of the prostate tends to become enlarged with age?

Answer 15

the medium lobe (between the urethra and the rectum)

Question 16

the most common position of the uterus is —1—- and —–2—–

Answer 16

1 Antiverted

2 Antiflexed

Question 17

what are the main parts of the uterus from proximal to distal?

Answer 17

Fondus
Body
Isthmus
Cervix

Question 18

what connects into the angle of the uterus?

Answer 18

the fallopian tubes

Question 19

When we refer to the internal/external os what are we referring to?

Answer 19

the internal and external openings of the cervix

Question 20

What part of the uterus is stabilised?

Answer 20

the cervix

Question 21

what are the three main ligaments that support the cervix?

Answer 21

the Lateral Ligaments (endofascial ligaments, wraps around the neuromuscular bundle to the cervix)
Sacro-Uterine Ligament
Pubic-Cervical Ligament

Question 22

the uterine ligaments are covered by a double fold of the peritoneum called?

Answer 22

Broad Ligament

Question 23

what are the parts of the fallopian tubes (lat, medially)

Answer 23

Fimbriae - Infundibulum - Ampulla - Isthmus - Intramural Part

Question 24

are they ovaries attached to the uterus? by what?

Answer 24

Proper Ovarian Ligament

Question 25

what are the ovaries immediately related to?

Answer 25

they are nested between the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries

Question 26

what wall of the vagina is longer why?

Answer 26

posterior due to anterior angulation

Question 27

what is the fornix and what does it connect?

Answer 27

most superior part of the vaginal canal surrounds the external os

Question 28

in Re: vertebrae at what levels does the rectum start? what else demarcates it?

Answer 28

S3 | loss of tenia into one continuous muscle layer

Question 29

where are feces stored in the rectum?

Answer 29

the ampulla

Question 30

what are the main arteries that supply the uterus and the ovaries?

Answer 30

``` Ovarian Artery (from above, off the sides of the aorta) Uterine Artery (from the sides of the pelvis, imbedded in the lateral ligament, off the internal iliac) ```

Question 31

What are the arteries that supply the rectum?

Answer 31

Superior Rectal Artery (continuation of the IMA) | Medial Rectal Artery (from the internal iliac artery)

Question 32

what are the arteries of the bladder?

Answer 32

Superior Vesical Artery (from the sides IIA) | Inferior Vesical Artery (in males, reinforces the above and supplies sexual organs)

Question 33

for all the organs of the pelvis there will be visceral branches that come off?

Answer 33

anterior divisions of the IIA

Question 34

What forms the inferior hypogastric plexus?

Answer 34

para --> S2-S4 | Sympathetic --> Superior Hypogastric Plexus (thoracolumbar origin)

Question 35

What is the source of the hypogastric nerve?

Answer 35

Superior Hypogastric Plexus