Sexually Transmissible Infections

Question 1

Why was the name change from STD to STI?

Answer 1

to recognise that a bing proportion of the pathogens can cause asymptotic chronic infection

Question 2

what STI can be transmitted via Oral-genital contact?

Answer 2

Chlamydia 
Gonorrhoea
HSV
Syphilis 
HPV

Question 3

Gram- diplococci that adheres to columnar epithelium?

Answer 3

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 4

N. gonorrhoeae causes asymptomatic infections in

Answer 4

80% females

10% of males

Question 5

N. gonorrhoeae in males causes —1— and a diagnosing feature is the presence of —-2—

Answer 5

1 Urethritis

2 creamy, painful urethral discharge

Question 6

what is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

Answer 6

term for inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries as it progresses to scar formation with adhesions to nearby tissues and organs. This can lead to infertility.

Question 7

what is the causative agent of Neonatal Gonococcal Ophthalmia?

Answer 7

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 8

is conjunctivitis common in neonates?

Answer 8

yes

need for swab to make sure of pathogen

Question 9

gonorrhoea is more common in what gender? why?

Answer 9

Males

Most males develop symptoms

Question 10

what agar is used to grow N.g? is it often used?

Answer 10

Thayer-Martin Agar
full with antibiotics and some anti fungi to kill normal microbiota
No, but necessary for antibiotic resistance

Question 11

some of the samples that can be taken for the diagnosis of N.g are?

Answer 11

Cervical Swabs 
Urethral Swabs
Conjunctiva Swabs
First Void Urine
Blood

Question 12

what is the first line of treatment against N.g?

Answer 12

Ceftriaxone

Azithromycin

Question 13

why are Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin given together?

Answer 13

synergistic mechanism of action
Cef–> block synthesis of wall
Azi–> blocks protein synthesis, great for Chlamydia

Question 14

normally there is co-infection of another pathogen with N.g

Answer 14

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 15

Gram staining of Chlamydia?

Answer 15

Gram - Bacteria Cocobacili

Question 16

Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular parasite?

Answer 16

T

Question 17

what serovar of chlamydia causes genital infection? and eye infection?

Answer 17

DK genital

Ac ocular

Question 18

what is the most common STI?

Answer 18

Chlamydia trachomatis (2-20%)

Question 19

Chlamydia trachomatis causes?

Answer 19

Urethritis (clear discharge)

Cervicitis, endometritis, urethritis

Question 20

Chlamydia trachomatis is asymptomatic in ?

Answer 20

50% of males

Question 21

what can neonatal chlamydia cause?

Answer 21

Only 50% transmission
Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
Slow onset pneumonia (weeks)

Question 22

treatment for chlamydia?

Answer 22

Azithromycin

Test of cure needed

Question 23

what STIs need to be notified?

Answer 23

Chlamydia

Question 24

what are the 2 main forms present in the life cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 24

Elementary Bodies (infectious, non-replicating)
Reticulate Bodies (replicating)

Question 25

what is the main cause of a frothy, free-yellow vaginal discharge with very bad smell?

Answer 25

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 26

what are some characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis ?

Answer 26

parasite, flagellated protozoon

Question 27

infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma genitalium predisposes one to get infected with?

Answer 27

HIV

Question 28

method for the identification of Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 28

PCR - urine | High Vaginal Swab and wet mount paramount (not seen in gram)

Question 29

what is the treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 29

Metrodinazoles | Tinidazole

Question 30

Treponema pallidum is the causative agent for?

Answer 30

Syphilis

Question 31

what are the 3 main syphilis stages?

Answer 31

Primary --> chancre Secondary --> rash, alopecia Latency Tertiary --> gummas and neurosyphilis

Question 32

what are the main ways of diagnosing syphilis?

Answer 32

Microscopy | Serology (non-treponemal tests, treponemal test)

Question 33

what are some non-treponemal tests?

Answer 33

RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) they test for the antibodies against syphilis by checking their cross-reaction against a non-syphilis antigen such as cows cardiolipin (can give false negatives)

Question 34

what are some treponemal tests?

Answer 34

``` Enzyme Immuno-Essay Agglutination essays (TPHA, Fluorescent Treponemal Antibodies) ```

Question 35

one example of a new arising STI?

Answer 35

mycoplasma genitalium

Question 36

some characteristics of mycoplasma genitalium are?

Answer 36

no cell wall and difficult to culture | intracellular

Question 37

main form for the diagnosis of mycoplasma genitalium ?

Answer 37

nucleic acid detection

Question 38

treatment of mycoplasma genitalium

Answer 38

azithromycin