Pelvis Flashcards
(44 cards)
Why is the obturator nerve significant in bovine parturition?
Because it can become compressed. If compressed, it prevents adduction of the hind muscles and they slip out wards, not under the cows control.
Name the different joints that make up the pelvis
Hyaline between ileum and pubis, pubis and ischium and ileum and ischium. These ossify. Between the pubic bones is the pubic symphysis, which is secondary cartilaginous.
What is the ischial tuberosity equivalent to in the horse?
The tuber ischii
What is the tuber coxae equivalent to in the dog?
The caudal and cranial ventral iliac spines
What is the tuber sacrale equivalent to in a dog?
The caudal and cranial dorsal iliac spines
Which ligament holds the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity in dogs? How is this different from a cows equivalent structure?
The sacrotuberous ligament. In the cow, the ligament attaches the sacrum to the tuber ischii, and is called the sacrosciatic ligament.
Name the muscles that make up the pelvis diaphragm. Describe they’re position in relation to each other.
The levator ani and the coccygeous. The coccygeous sits more cranially than the levator ani.
Name them suckles that make up the urogenital diaphragm.
Ischiourethralis, ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, retractor
What kind of faeces would result in impacted anal glands?
Soft faeces, as there is not enough pressure to evacuate them.
What would thin faeces possibly indicate in males?
Enlarged prostate, as this presses against the rectum, creating a small re lumen for the faeces to travel through.
Which muscles are compromised in a perineal hernia?
The muscles of the pelvic diaphragm: levator ani and the coccygeous. Organ slips between the two if they are weak.
How do dogs and cats urethras differ?
Cats have abdominal bladders, so their urethra is much longer.
Which nerves are involved in urination? How do they contribute? What are their roots?
1) The pelvic nerve (parasympathetic, S1-3) provides the sensory arc as sensory nerves travel in the pelvic nerve to the spine in the spinal reflex. The pelvic nerve (parasympathetic) induces the contraction of the destructor muscle and the relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter.
2) Hypogastric nerve (sympathetic, L1-4) prevents this after CNS is informed (during reflex arc). Prevents involuntary urination.
3) Pudendal nerve (somatic, S2-4) controls voluntary relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter and contraction of the detrusor muscle, voluntary urination.
What is a urachal diverticuli?
A failure of the urachus to close at the bladder, resulting in a domed protrusion on the cranial ventral surface of the bladder.
What is patent urachus?
A urachus that has not closed up after birth, urine leaks out of the umbilicus.
Which species have their testes in their inguinal canal?
Chinchillas
Which species have the axis of their epididymous in the cranio-caudal plane?
Horse, dog, cat, pig
Which species have their epididymous in the dorso-ventral plane?
Ox and sheep
Where does the cremaster muscle originate?
The internal abdominal oblique
Name the three ligaments within the scrotum and describe what they attach to.
1) proper ligament of the testes (testes to epididymous)
2) proper ligament of the epididymous (epididymous to internal spermatic fascia)
3) scrotal ligament (internal spermatic fascia to external spermatic fascia)
What is the function of the bulbospongiosus muscle?
To empty the urethra
What is the function of the corpus spongiosum and the corpus cavernosum?
To fill with blood, majority is the corpus cavernosum.
What penile structure is the Os penis formed from?
The corpus spongiosum
Which species do not have a bulbospongiosus muscle?
The dog and the Ox
