Pelvis and Hip

Question 1

three main functions of the pelvis

Answer 1

provide stable base of support for head, arms and trunk
contain and support visceral contents
transit and absorb forces

Question 2

normal ADL’s require how much flexion, adduction and ER

Answer 2

Flex: 120
ER: 20
Ad:20

Question 3

hip on pelvis or pelvis on hip, which is CKC and which is OKC

Answer 3

hip on pelvis is OKC

pelvis on hip is CKC

Question 4

part of the ischium

Answer 4

ischial tuberosity
ischial ramus
ischial spine

Question 5

parts the pubis

Answer 5

superior and inferior ramus
pubic symphysis
pubic tubercle

Question 6

where is the adductor tubercle

Answer 6

superior to the medial condyle of the femur

Question 7

what is the centre edge angle

Answer 7

in the frontal plane
angle formed between vertical and lateral rim of the acetabulum
measures inferior tilt of the acetabulum
25-45 degrees

Question 8

what is the acetabular anteversion angle

Answer 8

in the transverse plane
measured anterior orientation of the acetabulum
angle between rim margins
normal = 15-20 degrees

Question 9

what does pathologic increase in the acetabular ante version angle cause

Answer 9

decrease anterior joint stability

Question 10

what does pathologic decrease in the acetabular anteversion angle cause

Answer 10

increase in impingement in extension

Question 11

what is the angle of inclination of the femur

Answer 11

head/neck and shaft angle
frontal plane
average adult is 125 degrees

Question 12

what structures are in line with each other in normal angle of inclination

Answer 12

greater trochanter is in line with teh centre of the femoral head

Question 13

with age, what changes with teh acetabulum and femur angle of inclination

Answer 13

acetabulum deepens and angle increases

Question 14

what is coxa valga

Answer 14

excessive angle of inclination
leg appears longer
weaker abductors

Question 15

what is coxa vara

Answer 15

reduced angle of inclination
predisposed to fracture
common later in life

Question 16

what is angle of torsion

Answer 16

of the femur 
transverse plane 
between axis though head/neck and axis through distal condyles 
caused by medial twist of the shaft 
normal = 10-20 degrees

Question 17

what is increased angle of torsion called and what does it cause

Answer 17

called anteversion
25 degrees
toeing in

Question 18

what is decreased angle of torsion called and what does it cause

Answer 18

retroversion
8 degrees
toeing out

Question 19

what do both abnormal angles of torsion cause

Answer 19

compensations proximally and distally, alteration in joint stability

Question 20

what structure passes through the acetabular notch

Answer 20

the transverse acetabular ligament and nervous and vascular structures

Question 21

what position is the femoral head completed encapsulated in the acetabulum

Answer 21

WB on all fours with hips flexed, abduction and external rotated

Question 22

what structure is in teh fovea of the head of the femur

Answer 22

the ligamentum teres

Question 23

function and shape of labrum

Answer 23

deepens the joint cavity and increases concavity

horseshoe shaped

Question 24

what muscle causes anterior pelvic tilt primarily

Answer 24

illiopsoas

Question 25

what two muscles force couple to cause posterior pelvic tilt

Answer 25

rectus abdominal roll pelvis up | glutes counter

Question 26

three pelvis on hip motions

Answer 26

anterior posterior tilt lateral tilt protraction and retraction in transverse plane

Question 27

normal ROM of flex and ex of hip

Answer 27

Flex: 130 Extension: 10-20 degrees

Question 28

Normal ROM of ad/ab of hip

Answer 28

45 abduction | 30-40 adduction

Question 29

normal ROM of ER and IR of the hip

Answer 29

ER: 0-35 IR: 0-45

Question 30

what is the anatomical axis of the hip and what is the mechanical axis of the hip

Answer 30

anatomical: line through the shaft mechanical: line from knee joint centre to the hip joint centre

Question 31

resting and closed position of the hip

Answer 31

resting: 30 degree flexion, 30 abduction, slight er closed: full extension, IR and abduction

Question 32

what parts of the labrum are innervation what parts are vascular

Answer 32

innervated: superficial layer vascular: superficial 1/3

Question 33

three major bursa

Answer 33

over greater trochanter over the iliopsoas iliopectineal

Question 34

where does the iliopectineal bursa lie and what part of the hip does it communicate with

Answer 34

overlies the anterior aspect of the hip joint and the pubis and lies beneath the Iliopsoas muscle as it crosses in front of the hip joint. This bursa often communicates with the hip joint anteriorly through a space between the Pubofemoral ligaments

Question 35

where does the hip capsule attached proximally and distally

Answer 35

proximally: acetabulum, labrum, transverse ligament distally: above Trochanteric crest and intertrochanteric line

Question 36

attachment and coverage of ilofemoral ligament

Answer 36

AIIS and acetabula rim, intertrochanteric line | covers anteriorly and superiorly

Question 37

what movements does the iliofemoral ligament prevents | and its other two functions

Answer 37

upper fibres prevents adduction with extension and external rotation lower fibres stretched by abduction with extension and external rotation helps screw femoral head into acetabulum prevents posterior pelvic motion and hyperextension in standing

Question 38

attachments and coverage of the ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 38

ischial part of acetabula rim and medial greater trochanter | covered posterior femoral neck

Question 39

what movement does the ischiofemoral ligament prevent

Answer 39

hyperextension, abduction and medial rotation

Question 40

attachments and coverage of pubofemoral ligament

Answer 40

pubic bone and iliofemoral portion of capsule and intertrochanteic line

Question 41

what movements does the pub-femoral ligament prevent

Answer 41

overabduction, extension and lateral rotation

Question 42

function of ligamentous teres

Answer 42

guide for obturator artery and nerves

Question 43

lateral rotators -list them

Answer 43

``` piriformis superior gemellus obturator internus inferior gemellus obturator externus Quadratus ```

Question 44

three important kinesiology concepts for hip movements

Answer 44

line of pull and leverage affecting musculature one vs two joint muscles CKC or OKC motion

Question 45

how much of their resting length can muscles contract to before cramping

Answer 45

70%

Question 46

when position is best force for a muscle (two joint)

Answer 46

one joint is lengthened and one is shortened

Question 47

what muscle is the move powerful hip flexor

Answer 47

iliopsoas

Question 48

what muscle is most power hip extensor

Answer 48

gluteus maximus

Question 49

what muscle group will assist hamstring with hip extension when the hip is in flexion and under resistance

Answer 49

adductors

Question 50

when do adductors assist in hip flexion

Answer 50

against resistance and low angles of hip flexion

Question 51

what muscle is the strongest hip abductor

Answer 51

gluteus medius

Question 52

what do abductors do for the hip in CKC

Answer 52

stabilize against hip drop/hike

Question 53

what do adductors function to do in CKC

Answer 53

stabilize the hips against drop/hike

Question 54

what muscles are involved in pelvic rotation

Answer 54

hip rotators, abdominal obliques, back muscles

Question 55

does power of lateral rotators change throughout hip ROM?

Answer 55

no

Question 56

does Power of internal rotators change throughout ROM?

Answer 56

yes. 3x more toque when hip flexed past 90 than when hip is extended