PENB 4.1: Environmental Protection

Question 1

Which 6 ways can aviation affect the environment?

Answer 1

Noise, Climate Change, Air Quality, Water Pollution, Disrupting Wildlife & Damage from air accident

Question 2

What causes noise pollution from aircraft?

Answer 2

Aircraft Engines and Aerodynamic Noise from airflow.

Question 3

What dBs level can some engines reach during take-off?

Answer 3

> 140dBs

Question 4

What are the consequences of noise pollution on humans?

Answer 4

Hearing Impairment, Heart Conditions, Sleep disturbances, increase in anti-social behaviours & decreased workspace/academic performance.

Question 5

What 3 gasses are resulting in the highest atmospheric pollution ever recorded?

Answer 5

Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Nitrous Oxide

Question 6

What impact does Climate Change have on the planet?

Answer 6

Melting Ice Caps, Rising Sea Levels, Disrupting Animals Habitats and Extreme Weather Events

Question 7

Which factors around airports can affect air quality?

Answer 7

Aircraft, Ground Operations, Surface Level Traffic, Power Generation

Question 8

What consequences can poor air quality have?

Answer 8

Chronic Cardiovascular and Respiratory diseases, alongside lung cancer.

Question 9

At the airport, what fluids can pollute nearby water?

Answer 9

Fuel, Oils and De-icing Fluid

Question 10

What is SESAR

Answer 10

Single European Sky ATM Research Programme

Question 11

What does SESAR do?

Answer 11

Bring ANSPs (Air Navigation Service Providers) together to reduce fuel costs and environmental impact

Question 12

What are three projects that resulted from SESAR?

Answer 12

Free Route Airspace, Time Based Separation (TBS) & Cross Border Arrivals Management Trail (X-MAN).

Question 13

What is free-route airspace?

Answer 13

Aircraft can file from one entry point to one exit point in the airspace ‘direct’.

Question 14

What is time based separation?

Answer 14

Arriving aircraft are separated by touchdown time on the runway, rather than specific distances.

Question 15

What is X-MAN?

Answer 15

ANSPs are alerted to arrival delays up to 350nm away, and aircraft can then slow down to absorb these delays en-route.

Question 16

What is the CAA’s role in reducing noise pollution?

Answer 16

Monitor Airport Noise, Decide on Airspace Design and Offer Research and Advice to UK GOV.

Question 17

What impact does the CAA have on climate change?

Answer 17

Follow GOV UK policy on carbon emissions, share best practice and consideration when approving new aviation technology.

Question 18

Over 400 airspace improvements saves how much tCO2?

Answer 18

1.3 million

Question 19

1,600 tCO2 has been removed by which NATS Acting Responsibly initiative?

Answer 19

Tree Planting at Swanwick Lakes

Question 20

How much has been donates to sustainable causes via the Footprint Fund on NATS Give As You Earn scheme?

Answer 20

£1.5 million

Question 21

What is the CAA Noise Track Keeping (NTK) system?

Answer 21

Tracks noise data from key hotspots around the world and creates reports.

Question 22

How can Noise Track Keeping reports be filtered?

Answer 22

By Altitude, Aircraft Type, Location, Runway Direction, Weather.

Question 23

Since 1970s, aircraft have reduced noise output by how much?

Answer 23

75%

Question 24

The noise footprint is how much smaller in modern aircraft, then that of their predecessors?

Answer 24

30-50%

Question 25

What tool has ICAO provided to measure your own carbon footprint as a passenger?

Answer 25

ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator

Question 26

Globally, how much COs emissions is aviation responsible for?

Answer 26

2% - 2.5%

Question 27

In the UK, how much COs emissions are aviation responsible for?

Answer 27

6% - 7%

Question 28

What strategy has the UK Government committed to in reducing aviation impact on climate change?

Answer 28

Jet Zero Strategy (by 2050)

Question 29

What does 3Di stand for?

Answer 29

3 dimension inefficiency

Question 30

What does the 3Di tool do?

Answer 30

Gives aircraft a score, based on if they are following an economic track or deviating, causing more COs emissions

Question 31

What is the 3Di scoring scale.

Answer 31

0 is good, on track. 100+ is bad and off track. It slides in the middle depending on time off-route.

Question 32

What do Air Quality Units (AQUs) measure at Airports?

Answer 32

Air Quality - specifically, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrous Oxide, non-methane hydrocarbons and particulate matter.

Question 33

How often is air quality measures at airports?

Answer 33

Hourly

Question 34

How many Air Quality Units (AQUs) are in the vicinity of Heathrow Airport?

Answer 34

25

Question 35

What is the majority cause of bad air quality around airprots?

Answer 35

Road traffic - up to 95%

Question 36

What is the Collaborative Environmental Management (CEM) project?

Answer 36

Working with ANSPs to minimise aviation's environmental impact.

Question 37

Who is responsible for the Collaborative Environmental Management (CEM) project?

Answer 37

EUROCONTROL

Question 38

Who is responsible for the Sustainable Aviation project?

Answer 38

NATS

Question 39

What is the Sustainable Aviation project?

Answer 39

A working group, set in 2005, bringing UK stakeholders together to improve aviation's environmental impact.